Turkey and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL): adversary or ally = Turki dan the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL): musuh atau sekutu

Christian, Jessica (2020) Turkey and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL): adversary or ally = Turki dan the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL): musuh atau sekutu. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) muncul sebagai kekhalifahan baru yang mengklaim otoritas atas semua Muslim di dunia tetapi pada saat yang sama juga menimbulkan ancaman keamanan besar bagi dunia karena aksi terornya. Banyak negara yang sudah menjadi korban dari serangan teror oleh ISIL, menentang ideologi ISIL, termasuk Turki. Namun sikap dan upaya Pemerintahan Turki terhadap ISIL justru terlihat lunak dan telah menimbulkan keraguan dan kecurigaan bahwa Turki tidak serius dalam menanggulangi masalah ISIL, terutama sebagai negara tetangga yang berbatasan langsung dengan wilayah utama ISIL beroperasi. Sikap dan upaya Pemerintah Turki tentunya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan nasional Pemerintah Turki yang ingin dicapai. Penelitian ini membahas posisi Turki dalam hubungannya dengan ISIL, apakah Turki menempatkan diri sebagai musuh atau sekutu terhadap ISIL. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif realisme dengan konsep utama yaitu kepentingan nasional dan keamanan nasional. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis-komparatif, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian terhadap upaya-upaya Pemerintah Turki untuk memberantas dan/atau membantu ISIL berakhir pada kesimpulan bahwa dalam hubungannya dengan ISIL, Turki telah berayun bolak-balik antara musuh dan sekutu tetapi telah memposisikan dirinya lebih sebagai sekutu ISIL. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya ISIL membantu untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional Turki, terutama kepentingan nasional utamanya yaitu menjaga keamanan nasional dari ancaman yang ditimbulkan oleh Partai Pekerja Kurdistan (PKK) dan pejuang Kurdi pada umumnya. / The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) emerged as the new Caliphate which claimed authority over all Muslims in the world but at the same time also posed a major security threat to the world because of its terrorist acts. Many countries have become victims of terror attacks by ISIL, therefore opposing the ISIL ideology, including Turkey. However, the attitude and efforts of the Turkish Government towards ISIL appear to be soft and have raised doubts and suspicions that Turkey is not serious in tackling the ISIL problem, especially as its neighbour that borders directly with the main ISIL territories. The attitude and efforts of the Turkish Government are certainly driven by the national interests pursued by them in the context of ISIL. Therefore, the research aims to determine Turkey's position in relation to ISIL, whether Turkey positions itself as an adversary or ally against ISIL. Further, this research uses the theory of realism with the main concepts of national interests and national security. This research applies the historical-comparative method, with qualitative approach. Turkish Government's efforts to counter and/or assist ISIL ended in the conclusion that in its relations with ISIL, Turkey has been swinging back and forth between adversary and ally but has positioned itself as more of an ally to ISIL. This is because ISIL helps Turkey to achieve its national interests, especially its primary national interest which, is maintaining national security from the threats posed by the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and Kurdish fighters in general.

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