Life cycle assessment (LCA) sampah plastik di Jakarta = Plastic waste life cycle assessment (LCA) in Jakarta

Tiogana, Vincent (2020) Life cycle assessment (LCA) sampah plastik di Jakarta = Plastic waste life cycle assessment (LCA) in Jakarta. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Jakarta merupakan kota yang memproduksi sampah dengan jumlah yang paling besar di Indonesia. Plastik yang merupakan salah satu yang menimbulkan banyak dampak ke lingkungan sudah menjadi fokus dari pemerintah Indonesia. Salah satu kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melarang penggunaan plastik sekali pakai. Akan tetapi, kebijakan tersebut mengalihkan dampak lingkungan kepada area lain dan menimbulkan dampak negatif kepada banyak pihak, yakni pemulung, pendaur ulang, produsen, dan lain-lain. Pemerintah Indonesia seharusnya fokus pada akhir daur hidup dari plastik, yakni sistem pengelolaan sampah plastik. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan life cycle assessment (LCA) dengan kategori dampak potensi pemanasan global, asidifikasi, dan eutrofikasi dari sistem pengelolaan sampah plastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari berbagai sumber, seperti kajian literatur, wawancara kepada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta, pemulung, perantara, dan lain-lain. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, proses yang menjadi hotspot adalah penimbunan sampah plastik di TPA (tempat pembuangan akhir), penggunaan transportasi truk untuk mengirim sampah plastik ke TPA, dan pembakaran sampah plastik secara ilegal. Pengurangan sampah plastik di TPA dan sampah plastik yang tidak terangkut perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap lingkungan dari sampah plastik. Berdasarkan target Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional (JAKSTRANAS), pada tahun 2025 Indonesia perlu meningkatkan jumlah sampah terkelola hingga menjadi 70%. Saat ini jumlah sampah plastik di Jakarta yang sudah terkelola dengan baik adalah 27,83%, sedangkan 72,17% sisanya belum terkelola dengan baik. Apabila sampah plastik di TPA dan sampah plastik tidak terangkut bisa dikurangi hingga menjadi 30%, maka akan terjadi pengurangan nilai dampak terhadap lingkungan dari masing-masing kategori dampak sebanyak ± 56,36%. / Jakarta is a city that produces the largest amount of waste in Indonesia. Plastic, which is one that has many impacts on the environment, has become the focus of the Indonesian government. One of the policies made by the Indonesian government to overcome this problem is to prohibit the use of single-use plastics. However, this policy might shift the environmental impact to other areas or life stages and have a negative impact on many parties, such as scavengers, plastic recyclers, plastic producers, and many others. The Indonesian government should focus on the plastic life cycle end-of-life, which is a plastic waste management system. In this research, a life cycle assessment (LCA) will be carried out in the category of the potential impact of global warming, acidification, and eutrophication of the plastic waste management system. This research uses data from various sources, such as literature review, interview from Dinas Lingkugan Hidup Jakarta, scavengers, intermediaries, and others. Based on the results obtained, the process that becomes a hotspot is the accumulation of plastic waste in the landfill, the use of truck transportation to send plastic waste to the landfill, and illegal burning of plastic waste. Reduction of plastic waste in landfill and unmanaged plastic waste needs to be addressed to reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste. Based on the Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional (JAKSTRANAS) target, by 2025 Indonesia needs to increase the amount of managed waste to 70%. Now, the amount of plastic waste in Jakarta that has been well managed is 27.83%, while the remaining 72.17% is not well managed. If plastic waste in landfill and unmanaged plastic waste can be reduced to 30%, there will be a reduction in the value of the impact on the environment from each impact category by ± 56.36%.

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