Panjaitan, Rudy (2025) Kepemilikan hak ulayat oleh masyarakat hukum adat dalam kawasan pertambangan (studi kasus masyarakat adat Suku Amungme). Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Kekayaan alam berupa mineral dan batubara dikuasai dan dikelola oleh negara untuk sebesarbesarnya
kemakmuran rakyat. Akan tetapi tidak satu ketentuan pun dalam UU Minerba yang
memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat yang
mendiami daerah yang kaya akan sumber daya mineral dan batubara. Tembagapura, yang
terletak di Kabupaten Mimika, sebagai salah satu daerah penghasil emas di Indonesia, dan
sekaligus daerah yang sebagian wilayahnya didiami oleh MHA. penelitian yang bermuara pada
pertanyaan : 1. Bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat Amungme
di Papua atas tanah hak ulayat mereka yang di atasnya terdapat penambangan emas yang
dilakukan oleh PT. Freeport Indonesia ? 2. Bagaimana pelaksanaan atas tanah hak ulayat
Masyarakat Hukum Adat Amungme di Papua yang di atasnya terdapat penambangan emas
yang dilakukan oleh PT Freeport di Indonesia? 3. Bagaimana politik hukum yang ideal bagi
Masyarakat hukum adat yang tanah ulayatnya terdampak dengan adanya penambangan
Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan Metode Normatif dengan diperkuat hasil
penemuan empiris ?. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1. Perlindungan terhadap kesatuan
masyarakat hukum adat untuk mempertahankan hak konstitusionalnya apabila terdapat
undang-undang yang merugikan hak konstitusionalnya termaktub dalam UU No. 24 Tahun
2003 tentang Mahkamah Konsitusi jo. UU No. 8 Tahun 2011 tentang perubahan atas UU No.
24 Tahun 2003. Namun ada syarat-syarat tertentu yang harus dipenuhi agar kesatuan
masyarakat hukum adat memiliki kedudukan hukum (legal standing) untuk mengajukan
permohonan pengujian undang-undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi karena tidak semua
masyarakat hukum adat mempunyai kedudukan hukum dalam pengujian undang-undang.saat
ini belum ada peraturan daerah yang mengatur pengakuan adat suku Amungme padahal
pengakuan PTFI terhadap suku Amungme beserta hak ulayat yang melekat di atasnya
terpampang dengan jelas pada perjanjian-perjanjian yang mereka sepakati, apalagi berdasarkan
Laporan Asosiasi Pilot Drone Indonesia Luas wilayah kampung-kampung milik Suku Adat
Amungme yang terkena dampak pertambangan sekitat 48.688 lebih hektar. Ketidakjelasan
batasan pengakuan menjadi potensi konflik (sengketa) terhadap eksistensi kedudukan hak
ulayat atas tanah dewasa ini di Papua, memiliki kebhinnekaan masyarakat hukum adat (sukusuku/
klen-klen/marga-marga) yang tersebar berdasarkan ekologi kebudayaan dataran tinggi
(high land) : daerah pegunungan, pra pegunungan, dan dataran rendah (low land) : sungai/kali,
danau, rawa, pesisir pantai, dan pulau/kepulauan dengan 7 (tujuh) wilayah adat di tanah Papua
yaitu : 1) La Pago, 2) Me Pago, 3) Ha Anim, 4) Saireri, 5) Tabi/Mamta (berada di provinsi
Papua), 6) Bomberay, 7) Domberai, (Provinsi Papua Barat), serta dengan kebhinnekaan
struktur pemerintahan adat. Dari hasil wawancara dan telaah dokumen juga ditemukan bahwa
PTFI belum melakukan penilaian terhadap dampak program CSR bidang kesehatan yang telah
dilakukan pada masyarakat sasaran, serta penilaian terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang
kesehatan dan kemandirian masyarakat sasaran dalam penanggulangan krisis kesehatan.
Padahal program kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh PTFI sudah sangat banyak dan fokus pada
masyarakat di wilayah operasinya. Selain itu ketidakjelasan penyaluran dana perwalian dan
CSR yang tepat sasdaran merupakan isu tersendiri yang masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah 3.
Idealnya pengakuan MHA segera ada payung hukumnya (Raperda) dan ada kesatuan asosiasi
seperti di Lihir /Lihir Mining Association, pentingnya pemisahan Dana Perwalian dan CSR,
dan mekanisme satu pintu terhadap penyalurannya guna mencegah penyelewangan angaran. / Natural resources in the form of minerals and coal are controlled and managed by the state
for the greatest prosperity of the people. However, there is not a single provision in the Mineral
and Mineral Law that provides recognition and protection of the rights of customary law
communities who inhabit areas rich in mineral and coal resources. Tembagapura, which is
located in Mimika Regency, is one of the gold-producing areas in Indonesia, and at the same
time an area where part of the area is inhabited by MHA . research that boils down to the
question: 1. How is the legal protection of the Amungme Customary Law Community in Papua
over their customary right land on which there is gold mining carried out by PT. Freeport
Indonesia ? 2. How is the implementation of the customary rights land of the Amungme
Customary Law Community in Papua on which there is gold mining carried out by PT Freeport
in Indonesia? 3. What is the ideal legal politics for customary law communities whose
customary lands are affected by mining The research method used is a normative method with
the reinforcement of empirical findings?. The results of the study show: 1. Protection of the
unity of customary law communities to defend their constitutional rights if there is a law that
is detrimental to their constitutional rights is enshrined in Law No. 24 of 2003 concerning the
Constitutional Court jo. Law No. 8 of 2011 concerning amendments to Law No. 24 of 2003.
However, there are certain conditions that must be met so that the unity of customary law
communities has legal standing to apply for legal testing at the Constitutional Court because
not all customary law communities have legal standing in testing the law. The agreements they
agreed to, especially based on the Report of the Indonesian Drone Pilot Association on the
area of villages belonging to the Amungme Indigenous Tribe affected by mining totaled more
than 48,688 hectares. The unclear boundaries of recognition become a potential conflict
(dispute) to the existence of customary rights to land today in Papua, having a diversity of
customary law communities (tribes/clans/clans) that are scattered based on the ecology of
highland culture: mountainous, pre-mountainous, and lowland areas: rivers/rivers, lakes,
swamps, coasts, and islands/archipelagos with 7 (seven) customary territories in the land of
Papua, namely: 1) La Pago, 2) Me Pago, 3) Ha Anim, 4) Saireri, 5) Tabi/Mamta (in Papua
province), 6) Bomberay, 7) Domberai, (West Papua Province), and with the diversity of
customary government structures. From the results of the interviews and document review, it
was also found that PTFI has not conducted an assessment of the impact of CSR programs in
the health sector that have been carried out on the target communities, as well as an assessment
of community empowerment in the health sector and the independence of the target
communities in overcoming the health crisis. In fact, the health programs carried out by PTFI
are very numerous and focus on the community in its operating area. In addition, the lack of
clarity on the distribution of trust funds and the right CSR awareness is a separate issue that
is still a homework 3. Ideally, the recognition of MHA immediately has its legal umbrella
(Raperda) and there is a unity of associations such as in the Lihir / Lihir Mining Association,
the importance of separating Trust Funds and CSR, and a one-stop mechanism for its
distribution to prevent budget misappropriation.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Panjaitan, Rudy NIM01657220019 rudypanjaitan@gmail.com UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Budi, Henry Soelistyo NIDN9990388304 UNSPECIFIED Thesis advisor Purwaka, Tommy NIDN0304035102 UNSPECIFIED |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | anggaran |
Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law |
Depositing User: | Rudy Panjaitan |
Date Deposited: | 15 Apr 2025 02:47 |
Last Modified: | 15 Apr 2025 02:47 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/67969 |