Aplikasi kultur starter kering khamir dan bakteri dalam proses fermentasi biji kakao = Application of yeast and bacteria dry starter culture in cocoa beans fermentation process

Gunawan, Evelyn Chen (2025) Aplikasi kultur starter kering khamir dan bakteri dalam proses fermentasi biji kakao = Application of yeast and bacteria dry starter culture in cocoa beans fermentation process. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan yang berpotensi cukup besar dalam meningkatkan devisa negara. Permasalahan utama dari biji kakao di Indonesia adalah rendahnya kualitas biji kakao karena tidak dilakukannya proses fermentasi oleh para petani karena prosesnya yang memerlukan waktu selama beberapa hari. Fermentasi biji kakao merupakan proses yang paling penting karena akan menentukan aroma khas kakao dan memperoleh kualitas biji kakao yang lebih baik. Untuk mempersingkat waktu fermentasi, maka dapat dilakukan penambahan kultur starter. Mikroorganisme yang telah diisolasi dari fermentasi biji kakao terdiri dari khamir, bakteri asam laktat (BAL), dan bakteri asam asetat (BAA). Dalam penelitian ini, tiga mikroorganisme yang digunakan adalah Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, dan Acetobacter pasteurianus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi tepung beras sebagai bahan penyalut (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) dan pengaruh penambahan kultur starter kering (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Acetobacter pasteurianus) dengan variasi rasio (1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2) terhadap proses fermentasi biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi bahan penyalut terbaik pada masing – masing kultur starter kering adalah 50% untuk S. cerevisiae dan L. plantarum serta 60% untuk A. pasteurianus. Hasil fermentasi menunjukkan bahwa rasio penambahan kultur starter kering terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan dengan rasio 1:2:1. Hal ini dikarenakan hasil analisis terhadap suhu, pH biji, TAT biji, indeks fermentasi, dan total BAL memiliki hasil yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan lainnya. / Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the leading plantation commodities with a large potential to increase the country's foreign exchange. The main problem with cocoa beans in Indonesia is the low quality of cocoa beans because farmers do not carry out the fermentation process, which takes several days. Fermentation of cocoa beans is the most important process because it determines the distinctive aroma of cocoa and obtains better quality cocoa beans. To shorten fermentation time, a starter culture can be added. Microorganisms that have been isolated from fermented cocoa beans consist of yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and acetic acid bacteria (BAA). In this study, the three microorganisms used were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Acetobacter pasteurianus. This research aimed to determine the concentration of rice flour as a coating material (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) and the effect of adding dry starter culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Acetobacter pasteurianus) with varying ratios (1:1: 1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2) on the fermentation process of cocoa beans. The results showed that the best concentration of coating material in each dry starter culture was 50% for S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum and 60% for A. pasteurianus. The fermentation results showed that the best dry starter culture addition ratio was found in the treatment with a ratio of 1:2:1. This is because the results of the analysis of temperature, pH beans, TTA beans, fermentation index, and total LAB had the best results compared to the control and other treatments.
Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor)
Creators:
Creators
NIM
Email
ORCID
Gunawan, Evelyn Chen
NIM01034210029
evelyn.chengunawan08@gmail.com
UNSPECIFIED
Contributors:
Contribution
Contributors
NIDN/NIDK
Email
Thesis advisor
Halim, Yuniwaty
NIDN0303068501
yuniwaty.halim@uph.edu
Uncontrolled Keywords: biji kakao; fermentasi; kultur starter kering; rasio starter; tepung beras; cocoa beans; fermentation; dry starter culture; starter ratio; rice flour.
Subjects: T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP368-456 Food processing and manufacture
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology
Depositing User: Stefanus Tanjung
Date Deposited: 15 Apr 2025 08:06
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2025 08:06
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/68114

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