Kepastian hukum bagi kurator dalam menuntut penyerahan benda agunan yang dikuasai oleh kreditur separatis

Asiah, Nur (2025) Kepastian hukum bagi kurator dalam menuntut penyerahan benda agunan yang dikuasai oleh kreditur separatis. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum aset jaminan kreditur separatis yang belum dilelang sendiri oleh kreditur separatis serta untuk mengkaji kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum bagi kurator dalam menuntut hak atas benda agunan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 59 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (“UUK dan PKPU). Dalam praktiknya, pelaksanaan hak eksekusi oleh kreditur separatis menimbulkan perselisihan antara kurator dan kreditor separatis, sehingga berpotensi timbulnya permasalahan hukum yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini tidak hanya menghambat proses pemberesan harta pailit yang dilakukan oleh kurator, tetapi juga berpotensi merugikan kreditur lain, sesuai prinsip equality before the law. Ketidaktegasan bunyi Pasal 59 ayat 1 UUK dan PKPU dengan penjelasannya, pengaturan teknis serta minimnya sanksi terhadap pelanggaran norma tersebut, memperlemah posisi kurator dalam melakukan pemberesan harta pailit setelah insolvensi terjadi. Pendekatan teori kepastian hukum dari Gustav Radbruch dan Satjipto Rahardjo serta teori perlindungan hukum menurut Philipus M. Hadjon digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk memberikan pemahaman normatif sekaligus filosofis terhadap pentingnya penataan kembali regulasi dan praktik eksekusi jaminan oleh kreditur separatis guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang seimbang bagi seluruh pihak dalam proses kepailitan. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah Metode Penelitian Normatif Empiris dengan menelaah terlebih dahulu Data Sekunder dan dilanjutkan dengan penelitian terhadap Data Primer melalui wawancara. Kesimpulan dari Penelitian ini adalah Kreditur separatis tetap dapat mengeksekusi jaminan meskipun debitor dinyatakan pailit setelah masa stay berakhir (maksimal 90 hari) sampai dengan 2 (dua) bulan setelah insolvensi. Setelah itu, hak eksekusi aset jaminan beralih ke kurator, dan tindakan eksekusi sepihak oleh kreditur setelah 2 (dua) bulan setelah insolvensi merupakan pelanggaran hukum khususnya Pasal 59 ayat (2) UUK dan PKPU. Permasalahan hukum yang berkepanjangan antara kurator dan kreditur separatis dapat menghambat proses pemberesan harta pailit, sehingga berpotensi merugikan kreditur lainnya. Ketidaktegasan bunyi Pasal 59 ayat (1) UUK dan PKPU berikut dengan penjelasannya, dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi kurator dalam melakukan pemberesan harta pailit, situasi ini menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum baik secara preventif maupun represif, sehingga diperlukan regulasi yang lebih jelas dan tegas. / This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of self-execution of secured assets by secured creditors (kreditur separatis) after the debtor has been declared bankrupt, and to examine the legal certainty and protection afforded to the receivers in claiming rights over the collateral as regulated in Article 59 paragraph (2) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. In practice, the exercise of self-execution rights by secured creditors often causes disputes in the settlement of bankruptcy estates between the secured creditors and receivers, which might potentially lead to prolonged legal disputes. These disputes will not only hinder the liquidation of the bankruptcy estates process but also potentially harms other creditors who hold equal legal standing under the principle of equality before the law. The lack of clarity in Article 59 paragraph (1) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and the lack of technical regulation as well as the absence of sanctions for violations weaken the receivers' position in claiming the surplus from collateral sales as part of the bankruptcy estate. This research employs the theory of legal certainty by Gustav Radbruch and the theory of legal protection by Philipus M. Hadjon to provide both normative and philosophical perspectives on the urgent need for regulatory reform and execution practices by secured creditors, in order to ensure balanced legal protection for all parties in bankruptcy proceedings. The method used in this study is a normativeempirical legal research approach, beginning with secondary data analysis followed by primary data collection through interviews. The conclusion of this study is that secured creditors remain entitled to execute collateral even after the debtor is declared bankrupt, but only within two months of the bankruptcy ruling. After this period, the right of execution transfers to the receivers, and any unilateral execution by secured creditors thereafter is deemed unlawful and subject to civil suits, with the possibility of annulment by operation of law. Such actions may harm both creditors and third parties. The The lack of clarity in Article 59 paragraph (1) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and the lack of clear technical provisions has created legal uncertainty in the administration of the bankruptcy estate, reflecting weak legal protection both preventive and repressive thereby necessitating clearer and more operational regulations.
Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Creators:
Creators
NIM
Email
ORCID
Asiah, Nur
NIM01659230077
nur.asiah.02021975@gmail.com
UNSPECIFIED
Contributors:
Contribution
Contributors
NIDN/NIDK
Email
Thesis advisor
Silalahi, Udin
NIDN0320095801
UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kepailitan ; Jaminan ; Kreditur Separatis ; Kepastian Hukum ; Perlindungan Hukum
Subjects: K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Depositing User: Nur Asiah
Date Deposited: 05 Jul 2025 01:43
Last Modified: 05 Jul 2025 01:43
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/69549

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