Salim, Selina (2025) Substitusi parsial tepung terigu dengan tepung kacang tunggak (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) termodifikasi heat moisture treatment dalam pengolahan roti tawar = Partial substitution of wheat flour with heat moisture treatment modified cowpea flour (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) in pan bread processing. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Roti tawar merupakan salah satu produk pangan utama masyarakat Indonesia yang berbahan dasar tepung terigu. Kebutuhan tepung terigu yang tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan pemerintah Indonesia harus melakukan impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan cara memanfaatkan pangan lokal seperti kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) untuk menyubstitusi tepung terigu dalam pembuatan roti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air tersesuaikan, suhu, dan waktu Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) terhadap karakteristik swelling power, kelarutan, dan lightness dari tepung kacang tunggak, dan menentukan perlakuan terbaik, kemudian menentukan perngaruh rasio substitusi parsial tepung terigu dengan tepung kacang tunggak termodifikasi HMT terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori dari roti tawar. Tepung kacang tunggak dimodifikasi secara HMT dengan kadar air tersesuaikan 20, 25 dan 30%, pada suhu 75, 80 dan 85oC, selama 2, 4 dan 6 jam. Interaksi kadar air tersesuaikan, suhu dan waktu HMT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap swelling power dan kelarutan tepung kacang tunggak termodifikasi HMT. Perlakuan kombinasi terbaik, yaitu pada kadar air tersesuaikan 25%, pada suhu 80oC selama 6 jam menghasilkan nilai swelling power terbaik (6,36±0,04 g/g). Selanjutnya roti tawar diolah dengan menyubstitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kacang tunggak termodifikasi terpilih dengan rasio 100:0 (kontrol), 95:5, 90:10, 85:15; 80:20, 75:25, dan 70:30. Roti tawar dengan rasio substitusi 95:5 merupakan yang terbaik karena memiliki volume (785,00 ± 7,07 cc) dan skor hedonik keseluruhan (5,82 ± 0,02) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (771,25 ± 5,30 cc; 5,75 ± 0,02). Hardness pada roti tawar rasio substitusi 95:5 (238,86 ± 0,04 g) mendekati kontrol (191,88 ± 0,025 g), namun berbeda signifikan. Dengan demikian, roti tawar dengan rasio 95:5 berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam produksi roti tawar secara komersial./ Pan bread is one of the staple food products in Indonesia made from wheat flour. The high demand for wheat flour in Indonesia has led the government to import it to meet the needs. This issue can be addressed by utilizing local food sources such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to substitute wheat flour in bread production. This study aims to determine the effect of adjusted moisture content, temperature, and duration of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) on the swelling power, solubility, and lightness characteristics of cowpea flour, and to identify the best treatment. Furthermore, it aims to determine the effect of substituting wheat flour with HMT-modified cowpea flour on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of white bread. Cowpea flour was modified using HMT at adjusted moisture contents of 20%, 25%, and 30%, at temperatures of 75, 80, and 85°C, for durations of 2, 4, and 6 hours. The interaction between adjusted moisture content, temperature, and HMT duration significantly affected the swelling power and solubility of HMT-modified cowpea flour. The best combination treatment, at 25% moisture content, 80°C for 6 hours, yielded the best swelling power value (6.36±0.04 g/g). Pan bread was then prepared by substituting wheat flour with the selected modified cowpea flour at ratios of 100:0 (control), 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, and 70:30. Pan bread with a 95:5 substitution ratio was chosen as the best treatment because s it had a higher volume (785.00 ± 7.07 cc) and overall hedonic score (5.82 ± 0.02) compared to the control (771.25 ± 5.30 cc; 5.75 ± 0.02). The hardness of pan bread with a 95:5 substitution ratio (238.86 ± 0.04 g) was close to the control (191.88 ± 0.025 g), but significantly different. Therefore, pan bread with a 95:5 ratio has potential for commercial white bread production.
Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
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Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Salim, Selina NIM01034210003 selinasalim98@gmail.com UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Pokatong, Wilbur Donald Raymond NIDN0002106402 wilbur.pokatong@uph.edu |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | roti tawar; tepung kacang tunggak; heat moisture treatment (hmt); substitusi parsial; pan bread; cowpea flour; heat moisture treatment (hmt); partial substitution |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP368-456 Food processing and manufacture |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology |
Depositing User: | SELINA SALIM |
Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2025 08:23 |
Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2025 08:23 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/69798 |