Keselamatan pasien merupakan prioritas utama dalam pelayanan kesehatan, namun implementasinya di rumah sakit tipe C masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam konteks pengembangan profesional dokter internship. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana dokter internship menginternalisasi nilai-nilai keselamatan pasien melalui physician self-leadership sebagai mekanisme utama dalam menjembatani pengaruh faktor-faktor enabling dan enacting terhadap budaya keselamatan pasien. Penelitian kuantitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan survei cross-sectional terhadap dokter internship yang bertugas di rumah sakit tipe C di lima kota besar di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa leader support, psychological safety, dan safety knowledge secara signifikan memengaruhi teamwork, error reporting intention, dan information exchange, yang pada gilirannya memperkuat physician self-leadership. Physician self-leadership terbukti menjadi mediator penting dalam transformasi nilai-nilai keselamatan menjadi praktik nyata di lingkungan kerja dokter internship. Selain itu, perbedaan tipe rumah sakit (pemerintah atau swasta) memoderasi hubungan tersebut, menegaskan pentingnya konteks organisasi dalam efektivitas penguatan keselamatan pasien oleh dokter internship. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual dan praktis dalam merancang strategi peningkatan keselamatan pasien berbasis penguatan kapasitas dokter internship. / Patient safety is a top priority in healthcare services, yet its implementation in type C hospitals continues to face significant challenges, particularly in the professional development of internship doctors. This study aims to explore how internship doctors internalize patient safety values through physician self-leadership as a key mechanism bridging the influence of enabling and enacting factors on patient safety culture. This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional survey involving internship doctors assigned to type C hospitals across five major cities in West Java Province. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that leader support, psychological safety, and safety knowledge significantly influence teamwork, error reporting intention, and information exchange, which in turn strengthen physician self-leadership. Physician self-leadership was found to be a critical mediating factor in transforming patient safety values into practical behaviors within the internship work environment. Moreover, hospital type (public vs. private) moderated this relationship, highlighting the importance of organizational context in determining the effectiveness of patient safety reinforcement among internship doctors. These findings offer both theoretical and practical contributions to designing strategies for improving patient safety through the capacity-building of internship doctors.