Sentralitas asean dalam sengketa laut cina selatan

Prasetyo, Franciscus Xaverius Hernandi Dwi (2020) Sentralitas asean dalam sengketa laut cina selatan. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

ASEAN sebagai organisasi kawasan memegang peranan penting di kawasan sebagai penggerak regionalisme ekonomi dan politik di Asia Tenggara. Dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dari luar kawasan, ASEAN dituntut untuk mampu menunjukkan sentralitas-nya dengan berdiri pada satu posisi bersama yang merepresentasikan kepentingan negara-negara anggotanya. Namun pada kenyataannya, perbedaan latar belakang ekonomi, politik dan social membuat kepentingan nasional negara-negara anggota beragam dan terkadang berseberangan. Dalam Sengketa LCS yang melibatkan empat negara anggota ASEAN dan Tiongkok, Sentralitas ASEAN mendapatkan ujian berat karena terjadi perbedaan pandangan dan posisi negara-negara anggota terhadap isu ini. Namun, di tengah perbedaan pandangan ini ASEAN dan Tiongkok sepakat untuk menyelesaikan negosiasi Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC). Untuk itu, peneliti ingin mengetahui mengapa negara-negara anggota mengedepankan sentralitas ASEAN, upaya-upaya apa saja yang telah dilakukan dan apa dampak Sentralitas ASEAN dalam penyelesaian Sengketa LCS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode historis komparatif. Pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan arsip-arsip dokumen resmi, pernyataan-pernyataan pejabat terkait, pemberitaan di media massa serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa proses penyelesaian Sengketa LCS lewat negosiasi COC antara ASEAN dan Tiongkok telah melalui proses yang panjang. Hal ini dilakukan karena proses konsolidasi panjang untuk mengakomodasi kepentingan nasional dari negara-negara anggota yang beragam demi tercapainya Sentralitas ASEAN./ ASEAN as a regional organization holds an important role as the driver of economic and political regionalism in Southeast Asia. In facing various external challenges, ASEAN needed to show its centrality by having a unison voice that represent its members’ interest. However, differences in economic, political and social backgrounds cause diverse and often different national interests among member states. The South China Sea Dispute, which involves four ASEAN Member States and China, is a litmus test to the ASEAN Centrality as it causes diverse views and positions among member states towards the issue. Nonetheless, in the midst of this disarray, ASEAN and China agreed to finalize the negotiation of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC). Thus, it is important to understand why the ASEAN Member States still put forward the ASEAN Centrality in the SCS dispute? What are the efforts that ASEAN has done to maintain its centrality in the SCS dispute? What are the impacts of the ASEAN Centrality in the SCS dispute? The research used a qualitative approach with a historical comparative method. The primary and secondary data were gathered by collecting official archives, documents, statements of relevant officials, reports and news as well as literature studies. The result of the study concludes that the process of resolving the SCS dispute through COC negotiations between ASEAN and China has gone through an extensive process. It is due to the long consolidation process to accommodate the diverse national interests among the ASEAN Member States and to preserve the ASEAN Centrality.

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