The ongoing conflict in Papua is not just a very simple conflict but it is very complex and layered, and also involving so many aspects in Papua. The conflict is basically triggered by the injustices in Papua. The injustice meant here is that when both the Government of Indonesia, migrants, and a range of companies from outside and inside the country is considered to take advantage of existing resources in Papua, but the fact remains that the level of welfare in Papua is very alarming. That is why the conflict in Papua has been an International concern from a long time ago since the State is considered has not been able to fix the problem in Papua properly. This assumption is made based on fact although the Special Autonomy was granted in 2001 but still has not been able to promote Papua or at least been able to meet the needs of the people of Papua. Hence, International aid is given allegedly as a form of intervention and external threats to Indonesia. To that end, it is necessary to analyze the impact and motivation of foreign assistance in order to understand clearly the action to be taken by Indonesia related the foreign aid. Data collection was done by using literature, statistical analysis of data obtained from various sources and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders of Papuan issue in a variety of fields. Data obtained using analysis of validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis. From the results of this study, writer explored the background of the conflict in Papua, the forms of foreign aid in Papua and the country of origin, motivation foreign aid to Papua, the impact of foreign assistance and the challenges in implementing the Papua Special Autonomy.