Hubungan pola konsumsi dengan preeklamsia = The association between consumption pattern and preeclampsia

Lukito, Patrick Putra (2018) Hubungan pola konsumsi dengan preeklamsia = The association between consumption pattern and preeclampsia. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of mother mortality in the world. In Indonesia, the incidence of pre-eclampsia is on an increasing trend. Aside from maternal factors which are already established as risk factors of pre-eclampsia, consumption pattern is increasingly seen as a contributing factor to preeclampsia. The existing studies about consumption pattern and preeclampsia still produced conflicting results. In order to help answer that question, this research aims to find the association between consumption patterns and preeclampsia in Indonesia. This is a case-control study. Researcher collected data by conducting interview with 3x24hour dietary recall and checking medical record of pregnant woman with 20 weeks or more gestational week diagnosed with pre-eclampsia for case sample and normal post-partum woman for control sample. The number of sample was 88. This study was conducted at Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village Gedung B on February to May 2018. Simple and multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the data.It is found that diet with fat percentage above 37% increases preeclamsia risk with AOR 4.082 (95% CI 1.089 – 15.302) and the relationship is significant (p 0.037). Fiber consumption above 11.9g each day reduces preeclampsia risk with AOR 0.284 (95% CI 0.091 – 0.889) and the relationship is significant (p 0.031). It can be concluded that diet with high fat percentage is a risk factor for preeclampsia while high fiber consumption is a protective factor for preeclampsia / Preeklamsia merupakan salah satu penyebab paling sering dari kematian ibu di dunia. Di Indonesia, terdapat peningkatan insidensi preeklamsia dari tahun ke tahun. Selain faktor maternal yang dapat menjadi risiko, pola konsumsi juga dinilai dapat berperan penting dalam kejadian preeklamsia. Masih terdapat inkonsistensi dari penelitian-penelitian mengenai hubungan pola konsumsi dengan preeklamsia. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara pola konsumsi dengan preeklamsia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Peneliti mengambil data dengan melakukan wawancara menggunakan 3x24 jam dietary recall dan mengambil rekam medis ibu mengandung usia kehamilan di atas atau sama dengan 20 minggu yang terdiagnosa preeklamsia untuk sampel kasus dan wanita melahirkan normal untuk sampel kontrol. Jumlah sampel adalah 88 sampel. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village Gedung B pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2018. Digunakan metode regresi logistik sederhana dan multipel untuk menganalisa hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti terhadap kejadian preeklamsia. Ditemukan persentase lemak dalam diet di atas 37% memiliki hubungan asosiasi positif kuat terhadap kejadian preeklamsia dengan AOR 4.082 (95% CI 1.089 – 15.302) dan hubungannya bermakna (p 0.037). Ditemukan pula konsumsi serat di atas 11.9g/hari memiliki hubungan asosiasi positif negatif kuat terhadap kejadian preeklamsia dengan AOR 0.284 (95% CI 0.091 – 0.889) dan hubungannya bermakna (p 0.031). Dapat disimpulkan konsumsi lemak yang tinggi adalah faktor risiko preeklamsia sedangkan konsumsi serat yang tinggi adalah faktor protektif.

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