Hubungan merokok dan depresi pada lelaki perokok di daerah Lippo Karawaci = The relationship between smoking and depression among male smokers in the Lippo Karawaci area

Stevano, Reza (2018) Hubungan merokok dan depresi pada lelaki perokok di daerah Lippo Karawaci = The relationship between smoking and depression among male smokers in the Lippo Karawaci area. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Smoking is a problem in Indonesia, the fourth nation with the largest smoking population. Cigarettes causes various complications including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart attacks, and stroke. Smoking may also cause depression, via the effects of nicotine on neurotransmitter activity. Depression is a condition characterized with dysphoria and anhedonia. Depression causes emotional and physical problems, and can result in suicide. This study aims to obtain information regarding the relationship of smoking and depression.. The sample population are male smokers from the Lippo Karawaci area. Subjects are asked about their smoking habits and depression symptoms that they felt via a questionnaire. Their smoking habits are quantified by the Brinkman index, and their depressive symptoms are quantified using the CES-D questionnaire. The data is obtained by the consecutive method until data from 65 eligible participants are collected. The data is processed with Spearman Rank-order Correlation, where the relationship between variables are expressed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ), ranging from -1 to 1. A value close to 1 indicates a correlation, while a value close to -1 indicates a protective relationship. A value approaching 0 indicates no correlation. There is no relationship between smoking and depression. The subjects were actively smoking at the time of study. Because dopamine and acetylcholine receptor activity remained high, and will remain due to smoking, the symptoms of depression did not manifest. The relationship between the Brinkman Index and symptoms of somatic and psychomotor retardation is most likely related to the effects of nicotine, not depression / Merokok adalah sebuah masalah besar di Indonesia, dimana Indonesia adalah negara keempat dengan populasi perokok terbanyak. Rokok dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi kesehatan seperti berbagai macam kanker, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik, serangan jantung, dan stroke. Merokok juga mungkin dapat menyebabkan depresi melalui dampak nikotin terhadap aktivitas neurotransmitter otak. Depresi adalah sebuah penyakit yang menyebabkan disforia dan anhedonia. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah emosional dan fisik, dan dapat mengakibatkan pasien untuk bunuh diri jika tidak diobati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai hubungan merokok terhadap depresi. Populasi sampel penelitian ini adalah lelaki perokok di daerah Lippo Karawaci, dimana mereka ditanya mengenai kebiasaan merokok dan gejala-gejala depresi yang mungkin mereka merasakan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kebiasaan merokok mereka dikuantifikasi dengan Indeks Brinkman, dan gejala-gejala depresi mereka dikuantifikasi dengan skor CES-D. Data sampel diperoleh dengan metode konsekutif sampai 65 data peserta yang memenuhi syarat penelitian telah terkumpul. Data yang telah dikumpulkan untuk penelitian ini diolah dengan teknik uji korelasi Spearman, dimana hubungan antara dua variabel kuantitatif diekspresikan dengan koefisien korelasi Spearman (ρ), dari nilai -1 sampai 1. Nilai yang mendekati 1 menandakan sebuah korelasi, dan nilai yang mendekati -1 menunjukkan hubungan protektif. Nilai yang mendekati 0 berarti tidak terdapat korelasi. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara merokok dan depresi. Subjek tersebut aktif merokok pada waktu penelitian. Karena aktivitas dopamin dan reseptor asetilkolin tetap tinggi, dan akan tetap terjaga dengan merokok, gejala depresi tidak termanifestasi. Hubungan antara Indeks Brinkman dengan peningkatan gejala somatik dan retardasi psikomotor kemungkinan besar terkait pada efek nikotin dan bukan depresi.

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