Miangas is located close to the border between Indonesia and the Philippines. This island is one of the outer islands of Indonesia, which is prone border issues, such as illegal immigration, illegal fishing, trafficking, and smuggling. Bilateral and regional attempts necessitates to resolve fundamental border issues between Indonesia and the Philippines concerning the delimitation of territorial and maritime boundaries. The purposes of this research are to find out factors causing border issues between Indonesia and the Philippines regarding Miangas Island (Isla de Las Palmas), evaluate bilateral relations between Indonesia and the Philippines, and determine ASEAN effectiveness as regional organization in resolving border issues. The data are obtained through literature review and in-depth interview with delegation from the Directorate of Treaties on Political, Security, and Territorial Affairs, delegation from the Directorate of ASEAN Political and Security Cooperation, and delegation from the Directorate of East Asia and Pacific Affairs at Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia. The analysis is conducted through narrative and illustrative methods. From the data and analysis it is found that Miangas (Isla de Las Palmas)border issues resolved bilaterally by Indonesia and the Philippines. Role of ASEAN towards Miangas Island border issues can be said to be less effective. ASEAN does not want to interfere the internal affairs of both countries, but only to facilitate its member countries by providing international forums. The resolution of border issues that occurred during the 2003-2011 period is structured bilaterally. The Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of the Philippines have signed a Joint Declaration concerning Maritime Boundary Delimitation. Indonesia and the Philippines also agreed to enhance cooperation in combating transnational crimes in order to support security and stability in the region.