Perancangan fasilitas ruang publik melalui pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual pada kawasan bersejarah Kota Tua Jakarta = Design of public spaces facilities through contextual architecture approaches in the Jakarta Old Town historical area

Anthony, Nicky (2020) Perancangan fasilitas ruang publik melalui pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual pada kawasan bersejarah Kota Tua Jakarta = Design of public spaces facilities through contextual architecture approaches in the Jakarta Old Town historical area. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Ruang publik kawasan bersejarah Kota Tua Jakarta yang tidak disertai fasilitas pendukung interaksi dan aktivitas sosial masyarakat, menyebabkan menurunya eksistensi kawasan serta melunturkan ikatan sosial antar masyarakat maupun lingkungan. Selain itu, perkembangan arsitektur modern yang bersifat individual mengakibatkan lunturnya nilai – nilai budaya, sejarah, maupun arsitektur kawasan. Implementasi pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual dalam perancangan fasilitas ruang publik diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas ruang publik, melalui pertanyaan: Apa komponen pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual bersifat adaptif dalam perancangan fasilitas ruang publik? Apa kriteria dan komponen pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual bersifat pragmatis dalam perancangan fasilitas ruang publik? Bagaimana strategi perancangan fasilitas ruang publik yang didasarkan pada pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual? Penelitian didasarkan pada studi literatur mengenai pendekatan arsitektur kontekstual bersifat adaptif dan pragmatis, dengan pengembangan parameter perancangan melalui studi preseden terhadap Alun – Alun Cicendo dan Melbourne Federation Square. Analisis tapak bermetode observasi bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter arsitektur regional serta kebutuhan ruang publik kawasan sebagai penilaian adaptif dan pragmatis. Metode perancangan fasilitas ruang publik dalam memenuhi karakter arsitektur regional dan kebutuhan ruang publik didasarkan pada deskripsi ruang pendukung serta konsep dasar. Konsep dasar kemudian diimplementasikan pada tapak untuk menghasilkan fasilitas ruang publik yang menekankan bentuk, morfologi, serta peran. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor kontekstual merupakan aspek fundamental dalam perancangan yang memberikan pengaruh substansial guna meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas objek arsitektur dalam tatanan kawasan maupun ruang kota. Adapun hasil penelitian diimplementasikan dalam konsep dasar perancangan fasilitas ruang publik pada kawasan bersejarah Kota Tua Jakarta. / The public space of the Jakarta Old Town historical area which is not accompanied by facilities supporting interaction and social activities of the community causes a decline in the existence of the area and fades social ties between communities and the environment. Besides, the development of a modern architecture that is individual in nature causes the fading of cultural values, history, and regional architecture. The implementation of contextual architectural approaches in the design of public space facilities is expected to improve the quality of public space, through the question: What components of the contextual architecture approach are adaptive in the design of public space facilities? What are the criteria and components of a contextual architectural approach that is pragmatic in the design of public space facilities? What is the strategy for designing public space facilities based on a contextual architecture approach? Research is based on the association of literature on contextual approaches to architecture that is adaptive and pragmatic, with the development of design parameters through a precedent study of the Cicendo Square and Melbourne Federation Square. Observation method based site analysis aims to identify regional architectural characteristics and regional public space needs as an adaptive and pragmatic assessment. The method of designing public space facilities in meeting the characteristics of regional architecture and the needs of public spaces is based on the description of supporting spaces and basic concepts. The basic concept is then implemented on the site to produce public space facilities that emphasize form, morphology, and role. The results found that contextual factors are a fundamental aspect in design that provides a substantial influence in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of architectural objects in the spatial and urban spatial structure. The results of the study are implemented in the basic concept of designing public space facilities in the historic area of the Old City of Jakarta.

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