Sikap pemerintah Taiwan terhadap One China Policy periode tahun 2013-2018

Angelica, Lia (2020) Sikap pemerintah Taiwan terhadap One China Policy periode tahun 2013-2018. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Taiwan dan RRC merupakan suatu negara kesatuan yang terpecah yang dikarenakan adanya pertentangan ideologi diantara partai nasionalis dan partai komunis China. Kedua partai ini kemudian mendirikan pemerintahannya masing-masing yaitu Republic of China di Taiwan dan Republik Rakyat China (RRC) di dataran China. Seiring dengan waktu, Taiwan memiliki partai yang lain disamping partai nasionalis yaitu partai DPP, dimana para pengikutnya merupakan generasi muda yang menginginkan Taiwan menjadi negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat. Oleh karena itu terdapat perbedaan kebijakan luar negeri Taiwan yang diterapkan oleh kedua partai tersebut yang juga menyebabkan adanya perbedaan tanggapan dari RRC terhadap kebijakan luar negeri yang diterapkan. Dalam penelitian ini, hubungan antara Taiwan dan RRC akan dianalisis menggunakan teori realisme dan konsep geopolitik yang didampingi dengan metode pendekatan historis dan analisis naratif. Dari penelitian ini didapat beberapa hasil yaitu adanya perubahan kekuasaan politik di Taiwan yang menciptakan perbedaan kebijakan luar negeri partai nasionalis dan partai DPP terhadap RRC dalam mempertahankan kedaulatan Taiwan, penggunaan strategic ambiguity oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap Taiwan dimana Amerika Serikat mendukung One China Policy tetapi harus dicapai dengan cara yang damai, dan perbedaan sikap RRC terhadap kedua partai yang berkuasa di Taiwan. / Taiwan and the PRC are a divided unitary state due to ideological conflicts between the nationalist and Chinese communist parties. The two parties then established their respective governments namely the Republic of China in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Chinese plains. Over time, Taiwan has another party besides the nationalist party, the DPP party, whose followers are the younger generation who want Taiwan to be an independent and sovereign country. Therefore there are differences in Taiwan's foreign policy implemented by the two parties which also lead to differences in the response of the PRC to the foreign policy adopted. In this study, the relationship between Taiwan and the PRC will be analyzed using realism theory and geopolitical concepts accompanied by historical approaches and narrative analysis. From this study, several results were obtained, namely a change in political power in Taiwan that created differences in the foreign policy of the nationalist party and the DPP party towards the PRC in maintaining Taiwan's sovereignty, the use of strategic ambiguity by the United States against Taiwan, where the United States supports One China Policy, but must be achieved with peaceful manner, and differences in the attitude of the PRC towards the two ruling parties in Taiwan.

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