Toleransi represif film jender minoritas (analisis wacana kritis atas film Arisan!, Selamat Pagi, Malam dan Lovely Man)

Dapamanis, Frederika Kristin (2016) Toleransi represif film jender minoritas (analisis wacana kritis atas film Arisan!, Selamat Pagi, Malam dan Lovely Man). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Movie business in Indonesia are still suffering after the fall of The New Order regime in 1998. The business varies widely as a result of the awakening of a few genres in films. An existence of LGBT-themed movies quite caught the public eye because their presence in films was no longer a parody. They are now able to tell their own stories through the lens. Films like Arisan! The Movie, Selamat Pagi Malam The Movie, and Lovely Man became the public attention because characterization of a minority group was being exposed in these films. The public as audience has their own interest towards these films but in the other hand they don’t quietly accept the presence of this minor group. This study uses a qualitative approach with critical discourse analysis methodology research by Norman Fairclough. It analyzes through three steps: Text, Discourse Practice and Sociocultural Practice. The theory of criticism and repressive tolerance by Herbert Marcuse was used to get the description, construction and impression of the audience about Arisan! The movie, Selamat Pagi Malam The Movie, and The Lovely Man and also how the audience sees the minority group as a part of society whether they accept them or not. The data collected by watching these films and interviewing the directors themselves. The result shows that the descriptions invented from these three films are the true reality from gender minority group and the contribution of the film maker’s ideology. The pleasure that the public shows doesn’t bargain their tolerance of this minor group. Repressive tolerance occurs in society. / Perfilman di Indonesia mengalami kebangkitan pasca kejatuhan orde baru pada tahun 1998. Kemunculan berbagai bentuk atau genre dalam film, menjadikan perfilman Indonesia lebih beragam. Kehadiran film-film bertemakan jender minoritas khususnya Gay, Lesbian, dan Transgender cukup menjadi perhatian karena mereka bukan saja menjadi lelucon seperti yang digambarkan dalam film Indonesia pada tahun 70-80an, tapi saat ini kaum jender minoritas lebih diberikan peran untuk menceritakan kehidupan mereka lewat sebuah film. Film seperti Arisan!, Selamat Pagi, Malam dan Lovely Man menjadi sorotan karena penggambaran kelompok jender minoritas dalam film tersebut. Disatu sisi masyarakat sebagai penonton mempuyai ketertarikan tersendiri terhadap film jender minoritas tapi disisi lain penerimaan akan kau jender minoritas seakan jalan ditempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penetitian analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough yang akan menanalisis melalui tiga tahapan yaitu Teks, Discource Practice dan Sociocultural Practice. Teori Kritis dan Toleransi Represif dari Herbert Marcuse digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaambaran, konsturksi dan pendapat dari penonton tentang film Arisan!, Selamat Pagi Malam dan Lovely Man, dan bagaimana mereka melihat kaum jender minoritas sebagai bagian dari masyarakat, apakah mereka sudah cukup toleran atau tidak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menonton film dan wawancara kepada sutradara serta penonton film Arisan!, Selamat Pagi, Malam dan Lovely Man. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengambaran yang tercipta dari ketiga film adalah gambaran yang realistis dari kaum jender minoritas, dan tentunya ideologi dari pembuat film sangat berperan. Kesenangan yang dirasakan masyarakat ketika menonton ternyata tidak bisa menjadi jaminan akan toleransi ketika berada dalam lingkungan masyarakat. Terjadi toleransi represif dalam masyarakat.

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