Integrasi kawasan konservasi komodo dan area turisme melalui pengembangan pusat observasi di Taman Nasional Komodo = Integration of komodo conservation sector and tourism area through the development of an observation centre in Komodo National Park

Santosa, Emmerson J. (2022) Integrasi kawasan konservasi komodo dan area turisme melalui pengembangan pusat observasi di Taman Nasional Komodo = Integration of komodo conservation sector and tourism area through the development of an observation centre in Komodo National Park. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Memahami bagaimana hewan yang terancam punah dapat hidup berdampingan dengan frekuensi turis yang tinggi merupakan isu yang penting dalam pengelolaan area wisata yang sekaligus menjadi area konservasi. Isu ini tercermin dalam TNK (Taman Nasional Komodo) di Nusa Tenggara Timur, rumah dari hewan endemik Indonesia yaitu Komodo. Dengan agenda pemerintah yang menetapkan TNK sebagai area wisata, Komodo telah dan akan semakin terekspos dengan turis. Aktivitas turis untuk melihat Komodo terbukti berdampak kepada sifat Komodo yang semakin pasif dan kondisi ekosistem yang semakin tidak alami. Hal ini menyebabkan angka populasi Komodo menjadi tidak stabil. Urgensi isu tersebut mencapai puncaknya pada bulan September 2021, saat Komodo dinyatakan terancam punah oleh IUCN, setelah 25 tahun berada dalam kategori rentan. Penelitian ini ingin mengintegrasikan dua hal; kawasan konservasi dan area turisme di TNK, melalui sebuah pusat observasi. Metode kajian literatur diperlukan untuk mengetahui fungsi sebuah kawasan konservasi serta kriteria bagi sebuah pusat observasi yang mendukung konservasi Komodo dan aktivitas pengunjung. Metode studi preseden digunakan untuk mempelajari bagaimana pusat observasi mengintegrasi turisme massal sekaligus melindungi spesies terancam punah. Survei dilakukan untuk mengetahui pandangan responden sebagai potensi turis terhadap kondisi dan harapan untuk pengembangan pusat observasi di TNK. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui pandangan pakar konservasi dan praktisi arsitek mengenai keadaan yang seharusnya terjadi dalam TNK melalui sebuah pusat observasi. Kajian teori dan metode penelitian menghasilkan 6 strategi perancangan pusat observasi yang kemudian menjadi basis dalam proses desain. Proses desain dimulai dari studi 3 alternatif dengan titik fokus yang berbeda, dan kemudian digabungkan menjadi desain pusat observasi secara khusus di Pulau Rinca, Taman Nasional Komodo. / Understanding how endangered wild animals can coexist with high tourist frequency is an important issue in the management of tourist areas which functions also as conservation areas. This issue is reflected in KNP (Komodo National Park) in East Nusa Tenggara, home to Indonesia's endemic animal, the Komodo dragon. With the government's agenda setting KNP as a tourist area, Komodo has been and will be increasingly exposed to tourists. Tourist activities to see Komodo are proven to have an impact on the nature of Komodo which are increasingly passive and ecosystem conditions that are becoming more unnatural. This causes the Komodo population to become unstable. The urgency of the issue reached its peak in September 2021, when Komodo was declared endangered by the IUCN, after 25 years in the vulnerable category. This study aims to integrate two things; conservation area and tourism area in KNP, through an observation centre. The literature review method is needed to determine the function of a conservation area and the criteria for an observation centre that supports Komodo conservation and visitor activities. Precedent study is also used to study programs in other observation centres that have succeeded in the conservation of endangered animals. Questionnaire are distributed to know the hopes and views of potential tourist in condition of KNP. Interviews with a conservation expert and architect practitioners is also needed to know the condition KNP is supposed to be as a result of an observation centre development. The results of theoretical study and research methods are then transformed into 6 strategies as a basis for the design. The design process itself integrates 3 alternatives with different strong points into an observation centre that doubles as a Komodo conservation area and tourism sector specially in Rinca Island, Komodo National Park.

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