Gambaran Faktor-faktor Yang Memengaruhi Terjadinya Luka Tekan Pada Pasien ICU di Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Indonesia Bagian Barat

Christiana, Bertha and Meril Untu, Feila (2022) Gambaran Faktor-faktor Yang Memengaruhi Terjadinya Luka Tekan Pada Pasien ICU di Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Indonesia Bagian Barat. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Luka tekan merupakan kerusakan terlokalisir pada bagian kulit dan/atau jaringan di bawahnya sebagai akibat dari tekanan atau tekanan bersamaan dengan robekan yang biasanya pada daerah tulang yang menonjol. Terdapat faktor�faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya luka tekan pada pasien diruangan Intensive Care Unit yaitu kondisi hemodinamik yang tidak stabil. Dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya luka tekan diharapkan mampu membantu perawat dalam upaya mencegah terjadinya luka tekan. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengidentifikasi faktor–faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya luka tekan pada pasien di ruangan Intensive Care Unit Metodologi penelitian: merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain observasi retrospektif. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu semua rekam medis pasien intensive care unit yang mengalami luka tekan pada bulan Januari 2019 sampai Desember 2020, sample 42 pasien dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariate yaitu dalam bentuk data yang disajikan dalam bentuk table distribusi frekuensi dan persentase meliputi karakteristik responden dan faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya luka tekan. Hasil: Didapatkan kejadian luka tekan terjadi di usia >60tahun (47.6%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (59.5%), kondisi kulit pada hari pertama pasien masuk intensive normal (90.5%), perfusi jaringan pada hari pertama pasien masuk intensive adekuat (90.5%), suhu tubuh <36,5˚C (45.2%), IMT normal dan obesitas derajat 1 (31%), tidak mengalami inkontinensia (83.3%), lama hari rawat 9-12 hari (31.0%), tingkat kesadaran composmentis (50%), mobilitas dibantu penuh (97.6%), menggunakan ventilasi mekanik (59.5%), diagnosa medis surgical (52.4%) dan status nutrisi dinilai dari Nilai albumin dan HB tidak normal (61.9%), Komorbid Hipertensi (34.3%). Rata-rata nadi pasien 84.92 – 75.72, rata-rata sistolik pasien 120.42 – 134.87, rata-rata tekanan darah diastolik 65.09 – 96.08, rata-rata pernafasan per menit 16.60 – 18.92, rata-rata SPO2 99.32 – 99.82. Rekomendasi: Bagi pemberi pelayanan diharapkan dengan mengetahui faktor luka tekan dapat melakukan intervensi pencegahan yang efektif di ruang intensive care/Background: Pressure sores are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue as a result of pressure or pressure along with tears, usually in protruding bone areas. There are factors that influence the occurrence of pressure sores in patients in the Intensive Care Unit, namely unstable hemodynamic conditions. By identifying the factors that influence the occurrence of pressure sores, it is hoped that it will help nurses in an effort to prevent pressure sores. The purpose of the study: to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of pressure sores in patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Research methodology: a quantitative study with a retrospective observation design. The population of this study is all medical records of intensive care unit patients who experienced pressure sores from January 2019 to December 2020, a sample of 42 patients was selected using a total sampling technique. The analysis used is univariate analysis, namely in the form of data presented in the form of a frequency and percentage distribution table covering the characteristics of the respondent and the factors that influence the occurrence of pressure sores. Results: The incidence of pressure sores was found at the age of >60 years (47.6%), male gender (59.5%), skin conditions on the first day of the patient's admission to intensive care were normal (90.5%), tissue perfusion on the first day of the patient's intensive admission was adequate (90.5 %), body temperature <36.5˚C (45.2%), normal BMI and obesity grade 1 (31%), no incontinence (83.3%), length of hospitalization 9-12 days (31.0%), level of consciousness composmentis (50%), fully assisted mobility (97.6%), mechanical ventilation (59.5%), medical surgical diagnosis (52.4%) and nutritional status assessed by abnormal albumin and HB values (61.9%), comorbid hypertension (34.3%). The patient's average pulse was 84.92 – 75.72, the patient's mean systolic was 120.42 – 134.87, the average diastolic blood pressure was 65.09 – 96.08, the average breath per minute was 16.60 – 18.92, the average SPO2 was 99.32 – 99.82. Recommendation: For service providers, it is hoped that by knowing the factors of pressure sores, they can carry out effective preventive interventions in the intensive care room

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