Keabsahan perjanjian jual beli merek yang dilaksanakan ditahanan kepolisian

PONGAWA, SUKAMTO (2014) Keabsahan perjanjian jual beli merek yang dilaksanakan ditahanan kepolisian. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kontrak merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam dunia bisnis. Kontrak sebagai bentuk kesepakatan antara kedua belah pihak atau lebih akan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat apabila dibuat secara sah menurut hukum. Keabsahan suatu kontrak diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, yakni terdiri atas syarat subjektif dan syarat objektif. Tidak terpenuhinya syarat – syarat ini secara kumulatif mengakibatkan kebatalan kontrak. Syarat subjektif berkaitan dengan kecakapan dan kesepakatan masing – masing pihak. Kesepakatan harus berdasarkan kehendak bebas para pihak, dalam arti tidak terdapat unsur paksaan, kekhilafan, penipuan, dan penyalahgunaan keadaan. Tidak terpenuhinya unsur kesepakatan mengakibatkan pihak yang merasa dirugikan dapat mengajukan kebatalan kontrak kepada hakim. Kasus perjanjian jual beli merek antara Budi Haliman Halim dan Yayasan Hwa Ing Fonds dan Lo Iwan Setia Dharma, pada saat itu Budi Haliman menandatangani perjanjian jual beli merek untuk mengalihkan merek dalam keadaan dimana ia dalam penahanan pihak kepolisian. Menurut Budi Haliman, perjanjian dilakukan atas suatu tekanan dan di luar akal sehatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa syarat – syarat keabsahan kontrak beserta akbiat hukum yang ditimbulkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normative yakni upaya mencari penyelesaian masalah dengan meneliti dan mengkaji norma hukum positif dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian yang dibuat antara Budi Haliman dan Yayasan Hwa Ing Fonds dan Lo Iwan Setia Dharma tidak memenuhi syarat subjektif Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata sehingga tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Kesepakatan yang dicapai dalam perjanjian tersebut mengandung unusr penyalahgunaan keadaan yang merupakan salah satu bentuk dari cacat kehendak. Akibat hukum dari cacat kehendak adalah Budi Haliman dapat meminta hakim untuk membatalkan perjanjian pengalihan merek tersebut, sehingga keadaan akan dikembalikan seperti semula seolah – olah tidak pernah ada perjanjian. / Contract is one of the most important instruments in commerce area. Contract as a form of agreement between two parties or among parties, will have the strong law force if it is made legitimately according to the rules existed. The legality of a contract is regulated as in Article 1320 KUHPerdata, which is separated as the subjective requirements and the objective requirements. If those requirements were not fulfilled, it would cause consequences as the revocation of a contract. The subjective requirements hold the aspect of capacity of the parties and agreement among parties. Agreement is based on the free will of the party, this means that the agreement is without any compulsion, oversight, fraud, and misuse of state (misbruik van recht omzetbelasting). The failure of fulfillment of the agreement aspect will cause the party in damage could propose about revocation of the contract to the judge. The case of a buying-selling agreement of trademark between Budi Haliman Halim and Yayasan Hwa Ing and Lo Iwan Setia Dhrama, Budi Haliman signed the buying�selling agreement of trademark when Budi Haliman was imprisoned. Based on Budi Haliman’s statement, the agreement was held on a compulsion and out of rationality. This research is aim to analyze the requirements of the legality of a contract and the law consequences that will appear. The research method used in this research is normative juridical, that is mean as an effort to look for the way to solve the problems by researching and studying the positive law norms using the literatures. The results of the research show that the agreement between Budi Haliman Halim and Yayasan Hwa Ing and Lo Iwan Setia Dhrama is not satisfy the subjective requirements regulated in Article 1320 KUHPerdata, so that will not have any law force. The agreement in the buying-selling agreement of trademark between Budi Haliman Halim and Yayasan Hwa Ing and Lo Iwan Setia Dhrama contains the misuse of state (misbruik van recht omzetbelasting) factor which is one of the forms of deformed of will. The consequences of the deformed of will is Budi Haliman can ask the judge to revoke the buying-selling agreement of trademark, so that the state will be returned as the state before the contract or agreement was held and signed.

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