Perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor atas gugatan eksekusi hak tanggungan

Samosir, Jessica Vania Theresa (2024) Perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor atas gugatan eksekusi hak tanggungan. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pengaturan Parate Executie dan perlindungan hukum bagi debitor pemegang Hak Tanggungan berdasarkan Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 34/Pdt. G/2019/ PN Tbk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus, selain itu dikaji dengan meneliti Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berkaitan dengan materi yang dikaji. Apabila debitor wanprestasi atau cidera janji kreditor sebagi pemegang hak tanggungan pertama berdasarkan Pasal 6 UUHT maka dapat menjual objek hak tanggungan kepada pelelangan umum. Sertifikat hak tanggungan berdasarkan Pasal 14 UUHT memuat irah-irah dengan kata-kata "DEMI KEADILAN BERDASARKAN KETUHANAN YANG MAHA ESA” mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial yang sama dengan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap. Parate eksekusi secara implisit terdapat dalam UUHT khususnya terdapat dalam penjelasan umum angka 9 UUHT bahwa pelaksanaan parate eksekusi didasarkan pada Pasal 224 Herziene Indsland Reglement (H.I.R) dan Pasal 258 Reglement Buiten Gewesten (R.Bg). Padahal dalam Pasal 224 Herziene Indsland Reglement (H.I.R) ditentukan bahwa eksekusi harus dilaksanakan dengan meminta fiat eksekusi kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri. Sementara, pelaksanaan eksekusi dengan mekasisme parate executie pada prinsipnya merupakan suatu pelaksanaan eksekusi yang disederhanakan tanpa perlu melibatkan pengadilan. Jika dikaitkan dengan Pasal 6 UUHT, Penjelasan Pasal 6 dan Penjelasan Umum Angka 9 UUHT, bahwa penjelasan tersebut tidak dijadikan sandaran bagi materi pokok yang diatur dalam batang tubuh undang-undang tersebut dan penjelasan dalam suatu aturan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan penjelasan dari undang-undang itu sendiri. Sehingga dengan adanya aturan yang cukup jelas maka hak-hak kreditor dapat terlindungi. Pelaksanaan parate eksekusi hak tanggungan tidak seharusnya tidak perlu meminta izin dari Ketua Pengadilan Negeri, melainkan cukup dilaksanakan melalui pelelangan umum yang dilakukan oleh KPKNL. Diharapkan Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan dapat memberikan pengertian parate eksekusi yang jelas sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerancuan dan multitafsir. / Parate Executie arrangements and legal protection for debtors holding Mortgage Rights based on Case Study Decision Number 34/Pdt. G/2019/PN Tbk ,The research method used is normative juridical research using a legal approach, conceptual approach and case approach, in addition to examining the laws and regulations related to the material studied. If the debtor defaults or is in default, the creditor as the holder of the first mortgage right based on Article 6 of the UUHT can sell the object of the mortgage right to a public auction. The certificate of mortgage rights based on Article 14 of the UUHT contains an irah-irah with the words "DEMI KEADILAN BERDASARKAN KETUHANAN YANG MAHA ESA" has the same executorial power as a court decision that has obtained permanent legal force. Parate execution is implicitly contained in UUHT, especially in general explanation number 9 of UUHT that the implementation of parate execution is based on Article 224 Herziene Indsland Reglement (H.I.R) and Article 258 Reglement Buiten Gewesten (R.Bg). Whereas in Article 224 Herziene Indsland Reglement (H.I.R) it is determined that execution must be carried out by requesting a fiat of execution to the President of the District Court. Meanwhile, the execution with parate executie mechanism is in principle a simplified execution without the need to involve the court. When associated with Article 6 of the UUHT, the Explanation of Article 6 and General Elucidation Number 9 of the UUHT, that the explanation is not used as a basis for the subject matter regulated in the body of the law and the explanation in a rule must not conflict with the explanation of the law itself. So that with clear enough rules, the rights of creditors can be protected. The implementation of parate execution of mortgage rights should not need to request permission from the Chairman of the District Court, but it is sufficient to be carried out through a public auction conducted by KPKNL. There should be a clear arrangement between the body and the explanation so as not to cause confusion and multiple interpretations.

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