Hakikat kerja sama ekonomi antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok di masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo

Pranoto, Boediman Bryan (2024) Hakikat kerja sama ekonomi antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok di masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Lebih dari dua puluh tahun terakhir, semakin banyak kalangan termasuk akademisi menyoroti sepak terjang Tiongkok dalam bidang ekonomi global. Penelitian ini mengambil posisi sebagai “penggali” informasi dibalik kondisi tersebut. Indonesia di bawah pemerintahan presiden Joko Widodo mencoba untuk menjalin hubungan kerjasama ekonomi saling bergantung dengan Tiongkok di era pasar bebas (free trade). Tentu hal tersebut sangat berani mengingat terdapat perbedaan mendasar dalam sistem ekonomi-politik keduanya. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendorong terciptanya hubungan kerja sama ekonomi kedua negara, khususnya di masa pemerintahan presiden Joko Widodo dan menganalisis keuntungan serta kerugian yang muncul dari hubungan kedua negara melalui data foreign direct investment, data perdagangan (ekspor-impor) dan ketenagakerjaan. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada perspektif Liberalisme dengan teori interdependensi ekonomi dan dilaksanakan secara kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama ekonomi Indonesia�Tiongkok berawal dari rasa saling membutuhkan satu dengan lain. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat dari beberapa bukti nyata seperti: 1) peningkatan aliran modal asing dari Tiongkok (FDI); 2) semakin berkembangnya kerja sama perdagangan kedua negara disegala sektor. Namun, di lain sisi berdasar teori interdependensi ekonomi, penelitian ini menemukan beberapa faktor dan penyebab yang berpengaruh kepada arah kerja sama kedua negara ketingkat politik praktis, yaitu: 1) ambisi Tiongkok untuk menyebarkan pengaruhnya di kawasan melalui program ekonomi BRInya (Belt Road Initiative); 2) pengaruh target pembangunan infrastruktur pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo terhadap kebijakan penerimaan investasi asing serta dampak terhadap ketenagakerjaan dalam negeri (kerentanan dan sensitifitas). / Over the last twenty years, more and more people, including academics, have highlighted China's progress in the global economy. This research takes the position of "excavating" information behind this condition. Indonesia under the administration of President Joko Widodo is trying to establish a relationship of interdependent economic cooperation with China in the free market era. Of course, this is very brave considering that there are fundamental differences in the economic and political systems of the two. This thesis aims to determine the factors driving the creation of economic cooperative relations between the two countries, especially during the administration of President Joko Widodo and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that arise from relations between the two countries through foreign direct investment data, trade (export-import) and employment data. This research is based on the Liberalism perspective with the theory of economic interdependence and was carried out qualitatively using descriptive methods. The results of the research show that Indonesia-China economic cooperation begins with a sense of mutual need for each other. This can be seen from several concrete pieces of evidence such as: 1) increasing foreign capital flows from China (FDI); 2) the increasing development of trade cooperation between the two countries in all sectors. However, on the other hand, based on the theory of economic interdependence, this research found several factors and causes that influence the direction of cooperation between the two countries at the practical political level, namely: 1) China's ambition to spread its influence in the region through its BRI (Belt Road Initiative) economic program; 2) the influence of President Joko Widodo's government's infrastructure development targets on foreign investment acceptance policies as well as the impact on domestic employment (vulnerability and sensitivity).

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