Hubungan antara tingkat stres dan fungsi kognitif terhadap kemandirian dalam melakukan activities of daily living pada lansia di Panti Werdha

Hwilianto, Aurelia (2023) Hubungan antara tingkat stres dan fungsi kognitif terhadap kemandirian dalam melakukan activities of daily living pada lansia di Panti Werdha. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Riset menunjukkan dunia berada pada struktur kependudukan tua, dimana diprediksi akan terjadi lonjakan besar pada pertumbuhan populasi lansia. Lansia merupakan hasil dari proses menua yang dapat membuat terjadinya perubahan fisik dan psikososial seseorang. Perubahan ini salah satunya dapat berkontribusi terhadap kecenderungan peningkatan tingkat stres dan penurunan fungsi kognitif seiring bertambahnya usia. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah ada, kedua faktor tersebut dicurigai sebagai faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kemandirian lansia dalam melakukan ADL. Kemandirian merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas dan kelangsungan hidup yang baik pada lansia. Meskipun sebelumnya telah dilakukan penelitian yang serupa, tetapi hasil yang didapatkan masih terdapat kontradiksi. Didorong dari latar belakang inilah, penulis ingin meneliti apakah tingkat stres dan fungsi kognitif berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian melakukan ADL pada lansia di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat stres dan fungsi kognitif terhadap tingkat kemandirian melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari pada lansia di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan tipe studi analitik komparatif kategorik tidak berpasangan. Sampel yang diikutsertakan pada penelitian berjumlah 53 responden. Pengambilan data penelitian dengan menggunakan tiga jenis kuesioner yang telah tervalidasi, yaitu Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) untuk mengukur tingkat stres, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mo-Ca) untuk mengukur fungsi kognitif, dan Indeks Barthel untuk mengukur kemandirian lansia dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Hasil data penelitian akan dianalisa menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26 (SPSS 26) dan akan diuji secara statistik menggunakan metode chi-square. Hasil: Dari 61 responden, didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 28 responden (45.9%) memiliki tingkat kemandirian yang baik dan 33 responden lainnya (54.1%) mengalami ketergantungan dalam melakukan fungsi ADL. Untuk gambaran tingkat stres, didapatkan lebih dari setengah responden memiliki tingkat stres tergolong rendah yaitu sebanyak 41 responden (76.7%) dan hanya 20 responden (32.8%) yang memiliki tingkat stres sedang – berat. Mayoritas dari responden juga memiliki fungsi kognitif yang baik yaitu 32 responden (52.5%) dan 29 responden lainnya (47.5%) menunjukkan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Hasil analisis bivariat chi-square antara tingkat stres dan ADL menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara keduanya (P value = 0.281). Sementara itu, hasil analisis bivariat chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dan ADL dengan perolehan p-value sebesar 0.002 (P < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, mayoritas lansia di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti memiliki tingkat stres rendah (67.2%) dan fungsi kognitif yang masih tergolong baik (52.5%). Akan tetapi, didapatkan adanya kemunduran dalam kemandirian melakukan ADL (54.1%). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara tingkat stres terhadap ketergantungan dalam kemandirian melakukan ADL pada lansia di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti. Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara fungsi kognitif dengan kemandirian dalam melakukan ADL pada lansia di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti. Kata Kunci: tingkat stres, fungsi kognitif, kemandirian, aktivitas sehari-hari, lansia, panti werdha. Referensi: 150 (2015-2023) / Background: According to various studies, our world is currently going through an aging population structure. Some researchers believe that there will be a huge spike in the growth of the elderly population in the near future. A person can be considered as an elderly when they undergo the aging process. This process generates a change in their physical and psychosocial condition. One of these changes contributes to the tendency of increasing stress levels and decreasing cognitive function in the elderly. Based on previous studies, these two factors are the main suspects in affecting the independence of elderly in performing ADLs. Independence is a crucial element in maintaining an elderly's quality of life and well-being. Even though similar studies have been carried out previously, the results obtained are still contradictory. Driven by this background, the author desires to examine how stress levels and cognitive function affect the independence of performing ADLs for the elderly at the Bina Bhakti Werdha Nursing Home. Research Objectives: To determine the relationship between stress levels and cognitive function towards the level of independence in carrying out daily activities by the elderly at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional study design with an unpaired categorical comparative analytic study type. The samples included in the study amounted to 53 respondents. In this research, all of the data displayed were gathered using three types of validated questionnaires, namely the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress levels, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mo-Ca) to measure cognitive function, and the Barthel Index to measure the independence of the elderly in carrying out daily activities (ADL). The results of the research data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26 (SPSS 26) and will be statistically tested using the chi-square method. Results: Of the 61 respondents, the obtained results which showed that 28 respondents (45.9%) had a good level of independence in carrying out ADL functions while 33 other respondents (54.1%) experienced dependence. To describe stress levels, it was found that more than half of the respondents had relatively low stress levels, namely, 41 respondents (76.7%) and only 20 respondents (32.8%) had moderate - severe stress levels. The majority of respondents also exhibited good cognitive function, namely 32 respondents (52.5%), while 29 other respondents (47.5%) showed decreased cognitive function. The results of the bivariate chi-square analysis between stress level and ADL showed that there was no significant relationship between the two (P value = 0.281). Meanwhile, the results of bivariate chi-square analysis between cognitive function and ADL showed a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.002 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the majority of elderly individuals at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home had low levels of stress (67.2%) and relatively good cognitive function (52.5%). However, it was found that there was a decline in independence in performing ADL (54.1%). No relationship was found between the level of stress and dependence on the independence of performing ADL in the elderly at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home. On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between cognitive function and independence in performing ADL in the elderly at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home. Keywords: stress level, cognitive function, independence, activities of daily living (ADLs), elderly, nursing home Reference: 150 (2015-2023)

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