Hubungan hukum antara kreditur dan debitur yang telah menandatangani perjanjian kredit kendaraan bermotor (studi kasus PT Federal International Finance/FIF Group)

Michella, Michella (2020) Hubungan hukum antara kreditur dan debitur yang telah menandatangani perjanjian kredit kendaraan bermotor (studi kasus PT Federal International Finance/FIF Group). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kehadiran dan Perkembangan lembaga pembiayaan atau yang biasa disebut di dalam masyarakat sebagai leasing banyak membawa kemudahan bagi masyarakat. Salah satu lembaga pembiayaan terbesar di Indonesia adalah PT Federal International Finance atau biasa disebut sebagai PT FIF yang bergerak pada pembiayaan kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor. Hubungan hukum antara PT FIF selaku kreditur dengan debitur di dasarkan pada perjanjian kredit atau perjanjian pembiayaan yang dibuat secara baku sehingga menimbulkan masalah dalam hal hubungan hukum antara kreditur dan debitur dalam hal terkait keseimbangan para pihak di dalam perjanjian baku. Masalah lain yang sering di temukan antara debitur dan kreditur terkait hubungan hukum di dalam lembaga pembiayaan adalah terkait masalah wanprestasinya debitur yang kemudian menimbulkan dampak kerugian pada kreditur. Pembiayaan kendaraan bermotor pada PT FIF yang di dasarkan pada perjanjian pembiayaan, yang merupakan dasar hubungan hukum bagi para pihak belum mencerminkan keseimbangan, dan kemudian dampak kerugian materil akibat wanprestasinya debitur sehingga menarik untuk diteliti terkait Hubungan Hukum Antara Kreditur Dan Debitur Yang Telah Menandatangani Perjanjian Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor (Studi Kasus PT Federal International Finance/FIF Group Cabang Kualasimpang). Penelitian ini sendiri dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian empiris yaitu dengan wawancara kepada kordinator pelayanan PT FIF, untuk mengetahui hubungan hukum antara kreditur dan debitur pada PT FIF. Penemuan di dalam penelitian ini bahwa terkait proses pengajuan pembiayaan kendaraan bermotor di PT FIF Cabang Kualasimpang sangat mudah bahkan beberapa syarat seperti bukti penghasilan dapat dikesampingkan, asalkan dapat membayarkan uang muka pembiayaan kendaraan pengesampingan syarat tersebut sangat rentan mengakibatkan gagal bayar karena debitur tidak memiliki penghasilan tetap. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini antara lain penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam perjanjian leasing (Leasing Agreement) belum sepenuhnya terlihat di dalam perjanjian pembiayaan sepeda motor pada lembaga pembiayaan, dalam hal ini PT FIF Cabang Kualasimpang hal ini terlihat karena masih digunakannya perjanjian baku sehingga kedudukan lebih kuat terdapat pada kreditur yang banyak menentukan isi dari perjanjian yang menguntungkan kreditur, dampak kerugian terhadap lembaga pembiayaan jika debitur wanprestasi adalah kerugian materil akibat hilangnya keuntungan dan modal serta timbulnya biaya atau ongkos terkait pengambilalihan unit kendaraan bermotor dari penguasaan debitur, karena debitur tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya. Saran dalam penelitian ini antara lain agar menjamin keseimbangan dan kepastian hukum bagi kreditur maupun debitur, dalam hal ini di dalam perjanjian pembiayaan kendaraan bermotor diharapkan pemerintah dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan untuk membentuk peraturan pemerintah atau peraturan OJK, terkait prinsip-prinsip atau rambu-rambu di dalam pembuatan perjanjian pembiayaan, agar menjamin kepastian hukum terhadap jaminan kendaraan dan meminimalisir kerugian diharapkan lembaga pembiayaan khususnya dalam hal ini PT FIF untuk mendaftarkan setiap pembiayaan sepeda motor kepada lembaga fidusia./ The presence and development of financial institutions which is typically called leasing bring a lot of convenience for the community. One of the largest financial institutions in Indonesia is PT Federal International Finance (PT FIF) focusing on vehicles, particularly motorcycles. The legal relationship between PT FIF as the creditor and the debtor is based on a standard credit agreement or finance agreement resulting in legal issues between the creditor and the debtor concerning the balance of the parties in the standard agreement. Another typical issue between the debtor and creditor is legal relations in financial institutions related to the debtor's default issue which causing a loss for creditors. Vehicle financing at PT FIF which is based on a financing agreement, the basis of legal relations for which has not reflected the balance between parties, and the impact of material losses due to debtor defaults make it interesting to examine the legal relationship between creditors and debtors who have signed the agreement of motor vehicle credit (Case Study of PT Federal International Finance / FIF Group, Kualasimpang Branch Office). This research was empirical research in which the data were collected by interviewing PT FIF's service coordinator to find out the legal relationship between creditors and debtors at PT FIF. The result showed that the process of applying for a motor vehicle credit at PT FIF of Kualasimpang Branch Office is very easy. Further, some requirements such as a document of income can be set aside as long as the customer pays a certain amount of money for the down payment. This condition is highly vulnerable which can lead to default as the debtor does not have a fixed income. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the application of the balance principle in a leasing agreement cannot be fully seen in the motorcycle financing agreement at PT FIF of Kualasimpang Branch Office because it still uses the standard agreement so that the creditors have a higher position to determine the content of agreements that benefit them. The impact of losses on financial institutions is material losses due to loss of profits and capital and costs related to the acquisition of motor vehicle units from the control of the debtor because the debtor does not carry out its obligations. The researcher suggested ensuring balance and legal certainty for creditors and debtors. In this case, the government and the Financial Services Authority designed regulations or OJK regulations related to the principles or signs in designing financing agreements. It is to ensure the legal certainty of vehicles and minimize losses to be faced by financial institutions, especially PT FIF to apply any motorcycle financing fiduciary institutions.

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