Evaluasi aktivitas senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol kulit melinjo hijau dengan metode response surface methodology (rsm) = Evaluation of bioactive compounds activities from the ethanol extract of green melinjo peel with response surface methodology (rsm)

Widodo, Ignatius Gareth (2020) Evaluasi aktivitas senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol kulit melinjo hijau dengan metode response surface methodology (rsm) = Evaluation of bioactive compounds activities from the ethanol extract of green melinjo peel with response surface methodology (rsm). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Buah melinjo (Gnetum gnemon Linn.) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan kulit. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, fotoprotektif dan inhibisi tirosinase dari ekstrak kulit buah melinjo hijau bagian luar (sarcotesta) dan dalam (sclerotesta). Untuk mendapatkan ekstrak dengan aktivitas optimum, digunakan optimasi kondisi ekstraksi menggunakan response surface methodology. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan memperhatikan 3 parameter, yaitu waktu, konsentrasi etanol, dan Solvent to Solid Ratio (SSR). Kombinasi tiga parameter tersebut diacak menjadi 15 kondisi dengan aplikasi Minitab19. Ekstrak yang telah diperoleh dari metode maserasi kemudian dikeringkan dan dianalisis aktivitasnya. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan kemampuan fotoprotektif dan inhibisi tirosinase diuji dengan metode spektrofotometer. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pula analisis kandungan fenolat dan flavonoid. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, berikut kondisi ektraksi (waktu, konsentrasi etanol, SSR) yang menghasilkan berbagai aktivitas optimal: [1] Aktivitas antioksidan: 6 jam, 90%, 1:5 untuk sarcotesta (IC50: 237,4 μg/mL) dan 6,6 jam, 48,18%, 1:5 untuk sclerotesta (IC50: 55,57 μg/mL), [2] Fotoprotektif: 6 jam, 90%, 1:5 untuk sarcotesta (SPF: 101,96) dan 17,03 jam, 86,96%, 1:5 untuk sclerotesta (SPF: 391,10), serta [3] Inhibisi tirosinase: 16,06 jam, 90%, 1:5 untuk sarcotesta (IC50: 567 μg/mL) dan 11,69 jam, 90%, 1:10 untuk sclerotesta (IC50: 227,9 μg/mL). Ekstrak sclerotesta mengandung asam fenolat (64,04 mgGAE/g) dan flavonoid (dan 27,66 mgQE/g) yang paling tinggi. Korelasi antara kandungan asam fenolat dan flavonoid dengan aktivitas senyawa bioaktif menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat (r Pearson: 0,900–0,998). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan RSM dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kondisi ekstraksi yang menghasilkan aktivitas senyawa bioaktif optimal. / Melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon Linn.) is known to contain various bioactive compounds which are beneficial for skin health. In this study, an evaluation of the antioxidant, photoprotective and tyrosinase inhibition activity of the outer (sarcotesta) and inner (sclerotesta) green melinjo fruit peels was evaluated. To obtain extracts with optimum activity, optimization of extraction conditions is used using response surface methodology. Extraction was carried out by observing 3 parameters: time of extraction, ethanol concentration, and Solvent to Solid Ratio (SSR). The combination of the three parameters was randomized into 15 conditions using the Minitab19 application. The extract obtained from the maceration method was dried and then analyzed for its activity. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method, while the photoprotective and tyrosinase inhibition abilities were tested by the spectrophotometer method. Furthermore, analysis of phenolic and flavonoid content was also carried out. The results, the following extraction conditions (time, ethanol concentration, SSR) resulted in various optimal activities: [1] Antioxidant activity: 6 hours, 90%, 1:5 for sarcotesta (IC50: 237.4 μg / mL) and 6.6 hours, 48.18%, 1:5 for sclerotesta (IC50: 55.57 μg / mL), [2] Photoprotective: 6 hours, 90%, 1:5 for sarcotesta (SPF: 101.96) and 17.03 hours, 86.96%, 1:5 for scleroteta (SPF: 391.10), and [3] Tyrosinase inhibition: 16.06 hours, 90%, 1:5 for sarcotesta (IC50: 567 μg / mL ) and 11.69 hours, 90%, 1:10 for sclerotesta (IC50: 227.9 μg / mL). The sclerotesta extract have the highest phenolic acids (64.04 mgGAE / g) and flavonoids (and 27.66 mgQE / g). The correlation between phenolic acid and flavonoid content against the activity of bioactive compounds showed a strong positive correlation (r Pearson: 0.900–0.998). The results of this study indicate that RSM can be used to predict the extraction conditions that result in optimal bioactive compound activity.

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