Aplikasi response surface methodology untuk optimasi kondisi ekstraksi kulit melinjo merah = Response surface methodology application to optimize the extraction conditions of red skin melinjo

Wijaya, Madelin Suliyanto (2020) Aplikasi response surface methodology untuk optimasi kondisi ekstraksi kulit melinjo merah = Response surface methodology application to optimize the extraction conditions of red skin melinjo. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Tanaman melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif yang berperan pada aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan tirosinase. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis berbagai aktivitas senyawa aktif pada kulit buah melinjo merah seperti aktivitas antioksidan, fotoprotektif, dan penghambatan tirosinase. Response surface methodology (RSM) digunakan pada proses ekstraksi sehingga diperoleh ekstrak dengan aktivitas optimal. Selain itu, dilakukan pula analisis total kandungan fenolik (TPC) dan flavonoid (TFC). Kulit melinjo merah yang telah dikeringkan dengan freeze-drying, kemudian dimaserasi dengan variasi waktu, konsentrasi pelarut etanol, dan SSR. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan aktivitas fotoprotektif dan penghambatan tirosinase dengan metode spektrofotometer. Berdasarkan analisis dari 15 kondisi ektraksi dari Minitab19, didapatkan aktivitas antioksidan optimal pada waktu 6 jam, etanol 90%, dan SSR 1:13 (IC50 257,687 ppm dan AAI 0,185) untuk kulit luar dan waktu 6 jam, etanol 90%, dan SSR 1:5 (IC50 48,262 ppm dan AAI 0,989) untuk kulit dalam. Aktivitas fotoprotektif optimal didapatkan pada 14 jam 22 menit, etanol 90%, dan SSR 1:5 (SPF: 68,038) untuk kulit luar, dan waktu 12 jam 18 menit etanol 68%, dan 1:9 (SPF: 602,012) untuk kulit dalam. Penghambatan tirosinase optimal didapatkan pada waktu 6 jam, etanol 79%, dan SSR 1:12 (IC50 127,397 ppm) untuk kulit luar, dan waktu 11 jam 20 menit, etanol 90%, dan SSR 1:8 (IC50 428,319 ppm) untuk kulit dalam. TPC tertinggi terdapat pada kulit dalam (84,210 mgGAE/g), sedangkan TFC tertinggi terdapat pada kulit luar (21,135 mgQE/g). / Melinjo plant (Gnetum gnemon L.) is known contains active compounds that play a role in antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition. This study aims to analyze the various activities of active compounds in the fruit skin of red melinjo such as antioxidant activity, photoprotective activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. The method of response surface methodology (RSM) used in the extraction process is to obtain extracts with optimal activity. In addition, analysis of the total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) was also carried out. The skin of red melinjo was dried by freeze-drying, then it was macerated with variations of time, ethanol solvent, and solid-to-solvent (SSR). The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method, while the photoprotective activity and tyrosinase inhibition were carried out by the spectrophotometer method. Based on the analysis of 15 extraction conditions obtained from Minitab19, optimal antioxidant activity was obtained at 6 hours, the solvent concentration of ethanol 90%, and SSR 1:13 (IC50 257,687 ppm and AAI 0,185) for outer skin and 6 hours, solvent concentration of ethanol 90%, and SSR 1:5 (IC50 48,262 ppm and AAI 0,989) for inner skin. Optimal photoprotective activity was obtained at 14 hours 22 minutes, solvent concentration of ethanol 90% and SSR 1:5 (SPF: 68,038) for the outer skin, and time 12 hours 18 minutes, solvent concentration of ethanol 68% and SSR 1:9 (SPF: 602,012) for inner skin. Optimal tyrosinase inhibition was obtained at 6 hours, solvent concentration of ethanol 79%, and SSR 1:12 (IC50 127,397 ppm) for the outer skin, and 11 hours 20 minutes, solvent concentration of ethanol 90%, and SSR 1:8 (IC50 428,319 ppm) for inner skin. The highest TPC was found in the inner skin (84,210 mgGAE/g), while the highest TFC was found in the inner skin (21,135 mgQE/g).

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