Pertanggungjawaban hukum direksi perseroan terbatas dalam hal gagal bayar penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang

Sihombing, Ferry Ricardo Pandapotan (2017) Pertanggungjawaban hukum direksi perseroan terbatas dalam hal gagal bayar penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

This Dissertation titled “Legal Liability of Limited Company Directors Who Failed to Fullfill Their Duties in Postponement of Debt Obligations” is a Dissertation about Business Law. This dissertation try to solve 3 main issues, including: First, How the regulations about legal responsibilities of Limited Company Director during the period of postponement of debt obligations in Indonesia? Second, how the implementation of the regulation about Corporate Director’s legal responsibilities during the period of postponement of debt obligations in Indonesia? Third, how to regulate the process of corporation debt settlement during the period of postponement of debt obligations ideally, especially in order to keep legal certitude, bussiness certainty and Justice? Just like legal research in common, logics in this dissertation mainly based on principles, norms and legal rules which positively applies. And of course, still under the normative legal research capacity. The results of this legal research contain several things: First, based on doctrines in corporation law, the legal responsibilites of corporate directors during banckrupcy are: a) responsibility based on the principles of fiduciary duties and duty to skill and care; b) responsibility based on indoor management rules principles; c) responsibility based on Ultra Vires principles; and d) responsibility based on the priciples of piercing the corporate veil. Second, in the relation with unlimited legal responsibilities of Corporate Directors, the member of the board of directors can be held unliminted accountability if they unable to satisfy the regulation under Article 97 (5) UUPT. Corporate maintenance also can not be separated from collegial responsibility. Which means, each member of the board of directors is authorized to manage the company jointly (Article 97 (4) and Article 104 (2) UUPT). Based on Bussiness Judgement Rule, The directors are independent and not subject to GMS and commissioners (Article 92 (2) UUPT), but there are several limitation made by: (1) regulations; (2) Means and purposes of the corporation as stated in Corporate Charter; (3) Limitation as stated in the Corporate Charter. Third, UUPT already regulate the main duties and responsibilities which had to be fulfilled by members of the board of directors: responsible to run the corporation with good faith. In this case the law provides the legal position to sue a member of the Board of Directors who has made a mistake or negligence on behalf of the company without requiring any special power of attorney from the company or the GMS or other shareholders. / Disertasi berjudul “Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Direksi Perseroan Terbatas dalam Hal Gagal Bayar Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang”, ini merupakan Disertasi tentang hukum Bisnis. Dimana Disertasi ini berusaha untuk menjawab tiga isu utama, yakni: Pertama, bagaimana pengaturan mengenai tanggungjawab hukum direksi perusahaan pada suatu Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia yang telah berada dalam homologasi PKPU? Kedua, bagaimana implementasi pengaturan mengenai tanggungjawab direksi pada perusahaan yang memasuki tahap PKPU di Indonesia? Ketiga, bagaimana sebaiknya pengaturan mengenai penyelesaian hutang piutang oleh perusahaan yang berada dalam PKPU, terutama untuk dapat tetap menjamin kepastian hukum, kepastian usaha dan keadilan? Seperti lazimnya penelitian hukum, logika Disertasi ini berpijak pada azas, norma dan kaidah hukum yang berlaku secara positif. Dan tentunya tetap dalam kapasitas penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini antara lain: Pertama, bahwa tanggung Jawab Direksi Ketika Terjadinya Kepailitan Pada Perseroan Terbatas Menurut Doktrin Hukum Perusahaan antara lain: a) tanggung jawab berdasarkan prinsip fiduciary duties dan duty to skill and care; b) tanggung jawab berdasarkan doktrin manajemen ke dalam (indoor manajement rule); c) tanggung jawab berdasarkan prinsip Ultra vires; dan d) tanggung jawab berdasarkan prinsip piercieng the corporate veil. Kedua, Terkait dengan tanggung jawab tidak terbatas bagi Direksi, anggota Direksi dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban tidak terbatas apabila tidak memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 97 ayat (5) UUPT. Pengurusan suatu perseroan juga tidak terlepas dari tanggung jawab kolegial. Artinya, tiap-tiap anggota direksi berwenang mengurus perseroan secara tanggung renteng (Pasal 97 ayat [4] dan Pasal 104 ayat [2] UUPT). Kedudukan direksi itu mandiri, tidak tunduk pada RUPS dan Komisaris (Pasal 92 ayat [2] UUPT) atau yang disebut sebagai Business Judgement Rule, namun ada pembatasan oleh: (1) Peraturan perundangundangan; (2) Maksud dan tujuan dalam anggaran dasar; (3) Pembatasanpembatasan dalam anggaran dasar. Ketiga, UUPT telah mengatur pokok-pokok kewajiban dan tanggung jawab yang harus dilakukan oleh anggota Direksi, yaitu : Wajib dan Bertanggung Jawab Mengurus Perseroan dan Wajib Menjalankan Pengurusan Dengan Itikad Baik dan Penuh Tanggung Jawab. Dalam hal ini undang-undang memberi kedudukan hukum untuk menggugat anggota Direksi yang melakukan kesalahan atau kelalaian mewakili perseroan tanpa memerlukan surat kuasa khusus dari perseroan atau RUPS maupun dari pemegang saham yang lain.

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