Hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru pada pasien asma di Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village

Suryo, Fiona (2020) Hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru pada pasien asma di Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Asma adalah penyakit saluran napas kronik yang merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat umum. Asma yang tidak terkontrol dapat menimbulkan komplikasi seperti penyakit paru obstruktif kronis yang bersifat ireversibel. Asthma Control Test (ACT) dikembangkan untuk menilai tingkat kontrol asma namun tidak tergambar didalamnya besaran fungsi paru. Untuk mengukur fungsi paru pasien, dapat dilakukan tes spirometri dengan hasil berbentuk volume ekspirasi paksa detik pertama (VEP1), kapasitas vital paksa (KVP), serta rasio antara keduanya. Karena hal tersebut, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menilai hubungan antara hasil ACT dengan hasil spirometri namun hasil penelitian secara numerik dan kategorik bertentangan, maka hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Objektif: Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh asma pada fungsi paru serta mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru pada pasien asma di Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Hipotesis: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru pada pasien asma di Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi observasional dengan desain studi potong-lintang pada 75 responden. Penelitian akan dilakukan terhadap pasien asma kedua jenis kelamin dengan rentang usia 20-65 tahun di Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village pada periode Oktober 2019 – Mei 2020. Pengambilan data diambil dengan cara kuesioner dan tes spirometri setelah menandatangani informed consent dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tabulasi data akan dilakukan menggunakan pengumpulan data elektronik Microsoft Excel 2019, sedangkan analisis data akan dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS 21.0. Analisa bivariat dengan uji Chi Square akan dilakukan kemudian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan fungsi paru. Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan ada hubungan signifikan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan VEP1 dan KVP pasien (p<0.05), namun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kontrol asma dengan VEP1/KVP yang disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor dari karakteristik responden penelitian ini yang mempengaruhi nilai VEP1 dan KVP. / Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disease considered as a very common public health problem. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to complications such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is irreversible. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) was developed to assess the level of asthma control but does not reflect the amount of lung function. To measure the lung function of a patient, spirometry tests can be performed with results represented as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio between the two. Due to this matter, research has been carried out to assess the relationship between ACT and spirometry results, but numerical and categorical results are contradictory, therefore the relationship between the asthma control level and lung function still needs to be further investigated. Objective: The purpose of this research is to observe the effect of asthma on lung function and determine the relationship between asthma control level and lung function of asthma patients in Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Hypothesis: A relationship is present between asthma control level and lung function of asthma patients in Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village Method: This study uses an observational study method with a cross-sectional design study on 75 respondents. The study will be conducted on asthma patients of both genders with an age range of 20-65 years at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village in the period October 2019 – May 2020. Data collection will be taken by means of questionnaires and spirometry tests after signing the informed consent and fulfilling the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Data tabulation will be performed using electronic data collection by Microsoft Excel 2019, while data analysis will be performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Bivariate analysis with Chi Square test will be conducted later to determine the relationship between asthma control level and lung function. Results: The study shows a significant relationship between asthma control level and FEV1 as well as FVC (p<0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between asthma control level and FEV1/FVC due to factors affecting both FEV1 and FVC that the respondents of this study show.

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