Kejadian hipertensi intradialitik pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan

Nikendari, Sri Mulyani Rana (2020) Kejadian hipertensi intradialitik pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Hemodialisis memiliki beberapa komplikasi, salah satunya adalah perubahan tekanan darah yang dapat menyebabkan suatu kondisi bernama hipertensi intradialitik. Faktor risiko terjadinya hipertensi intradialitik diantaranya adalah bertambahnya usia, berat badan rendah, dan mengonsumsi lebih banyak obat antihipertensi. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya belum menemukan hubungan signifikan antara usia dengan kejadian hipertensi intradialitik. Hipertensi intradialitik dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, salah satunya yang dipengaruhi oleh usia adalah kekakuan arteri. Belum banyak penelitian yang memfokuskan pada kejadian hipertensi intradialitik di Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam. Tujuan Penelitian: Mencari prevalens kejadian hipertensi intradialitik dan hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, interdialytic weight gain, dan penyakit yang mendasari penyakit ginjal kronis pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 53 orang. Pemilihan subjek dengan convenience sampling. Data diambil dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien. Pengambilan data berlangsung dari Mei hingga Juli 2020. Hasil data yang terkumpul diolah menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dan dengan IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 25. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat 53 pasien dewasa yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam sejak Oktober 2018 sampai Desember 2019 yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Terdapat 50,9% pasien yang mengalami hipertensi intradialitik dan 72% diantaranya tergolong kedalam usia lansia. Pasien berusia lansia memiliki hubungan signifikan dan risiko 5 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi intradialitik (P-value 0,004; Odds Ratio 5,43; 95% CI 1,67-17,66). Faktor lainnya yang juga berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi intradialitik adalah penyakit yang mendasari terjadinya gagal ginjal kronis (P-value 0,018; Odds Ratio 4,083; 95% CI 1,241-13,431). Kesimpulan: Terdapat 50,9% subjek yang mengalami hipertensi intradialitik. Usia dan penyakit yang mendasari penyakit ginjal kronis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi intradialitik. Kata Kunci: hipertensi intradialitik, penyakit ginjal kronis Referensi: 46 (1990-2019) / Background: One of the treatments for patients with chronic kidney disease that almost reached the end stage is by doing hemodialysis. There are a few complications that could possibly happen by doing hemodialysis, one of them is a change in the blood pressure that could result in a condition called intradialytic hypertension. The risk factors of intradialytic hypertension include aging, lower body weight, and more prescribed antihipertensive medicine. Previous studies haven’t shown a definite relationship between age and the incidence of intradialytic hypertension. One of the causes of intradialytic hypertension that has a connection with age is arterial stiffening. There has not been many studies that focuses on the incidence of intradialytic hypertension in Siloam Public Hospital. Objective: To find out the prevalence of intradialytic hypertension and its relation with various factors such as age, gender, body mass index, interdialytic weight gain, and comorbid disease of chronic kidney disease in chronic kidney disease patients in Siloam Public Hospital. Methods: This reserch uses cross-sectional research design. The total research sample are 53 people. Sample selection will use convenience sampling. Data will be acquired by using patient’s medical record. Data collection will take place from May until July 2020. The collected data will be processed using chi-square and with the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 25. Result: There are 53 patients on hemodialysis in Siloam Public Hospital since October 2018 until December 2019 that fit to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are 50,9% patients who experienced intradialytic hypertension and 72% of them are elderly people. The patient’s age has a significant relationship and the risk of elderly people are 5 times greater to experience intradialytic hypertension (P-value 0,004; Odds Ratio 5,43; 95% CI 1,67-17,66). Chronic kidney disease comorbid disease is also significant with intradialytic hypertension. (P-value 0,018; Odds Ratio 4,083; 95% CI 1,241-13,431). Conclusion: There are 50,9% subjects who experience intradialytic hypertension. Age and comorbid disease of chronic kidney disease influenced intradialytic hypertension. Keywords: intradialytic hypertension, chronic kidney disease References: 46 (1990-2019)

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