The Influence of Evangelical Christian Interest Groups toward American Foreign Policy on Israel during Donald Trump's Administration

Candra, John William (2021) The Influence of Evangelical Christian Interest Groups toward American Foreign Policy on Israel during Donald Trump's Administration. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Religion has always been an important element in American politics and among vast religions, Christianity, particularly Evangelical Christian, stands out and has become influential. This research aims to explain the process of Evangelical Christian Interest Groups influencing American foreign policy during Donald Trump’s administration. During Trump’s administration that started in 2016, three Evangelical Christians Interest Groups namely: National Association of Evangelicals, Christian United for Israel, and America Israel Public Affair Committee, have influenced three American foreign policies on Israel, namely: withdrawal from Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, acknowledging Jerusalem as Israel’s capital and moving US Embassy to Jerusalem. This thesis mainly uses the Constructivism theory to develop a deeper understanding of the relationship of the concepts of Identity, Interest Groups, and Foreign Policy. Using explanatory method in approaching this qualitative research, the research aims to explain the process of Evangelical Christian Interest Groups influencing American foreign policies on Israel during Donald Trump’s administration. The result shows that Evangelical Christian Interest Groups managed to influence the election of senators, members of congress and presidents to represent their voice. They elected Donald Trump to represent their interest in Israel. Evangelical Christians’ interest was shaped by the biblical prophecy of the apocalypse which put Jews, Israel, and Jerusalem as the main element of the prophecy. Responding to Trump’s decisions, a lot of states condemned America for violating the deal they created. Interestingly, some other countries are in favor of Trump’s decision, especially Latin America, and other Evangelical-majority states which are considering following Trump’s step. / Agama selalu menjadi faktor yang penting dalam politik Amerika Serikat (AS). Di antara pelbagai agama, Kristen, secara khusus Kristen Injili, punya pengaruh besar pada negara tersebut. Penelitian ini, beusaha untuk menjelaskan proses dari pengaruh Kelompok Kepentingan Kristen Injili terhadap kebijakan luar negeri AS terhadap Israel dalam masa pemerintahan Presiden Donald Trump. Selama masa periode jabatan sejak 2016 tersebut, tiga Kelompok Kepentingan Kristen Injili bernama National Association of Evangelicals, Christian United for Israel, dan America Israel Public Affair Committee telah memengaruhi tiga kebijakan, yakni keluarnya AS dari Rencana Aksi Komprehensif Bersama (JCPOA), memberi pengakuan Yerusalem sebagai ibukota Israel, dan pemindahan Kedutaan Besar AS ke Yerusalem. Skripsi ini akan menggunakan teori Konstruktivisme untuk membuat pemahaman yang mendalam tentang relasi dari konsep Identitas, Kelompok Kepentingan, dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri. Menggunakan metode explanatory sebagai pendekatan untuk penelitian kualitatif ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses Kelompok Kepentingan Kristen Injili untuk memengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri AS semasa jabatan Donald Trump. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa Kelompok Kepentingan Kristen Injili telah berhasil memengaruhi pemilihan para senat, anggota Kongres, dan presiden untuk mewakili suaranya. Para Kelompok Kepentingan memilih Donald Trump untuk mewakili kepentingannya di Israel. Kepentingan Kristen Injili terbentuk dari nubuat Alkitab tentang akhir zaman ketika orang Yahudi, Israel, dan Yerusalem menjadi aktor utama di dalam nubuat ini. Menanggapi keputusan Trump, banyak negara mengutuki keputusan Amerika karena dianggap telah melanggar perjanjian yang telah dibuat. Akan tetapi, beberapa negara lain mendukung keputusan Trump, khususnya negara-negara Amerika Latin dan negara-negara dengan mayoritas Kristen Injili, mempertimbangkan untuk mengikuti keputusan Trump.

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