China's Response to International Pressure on Muslim Uighur in Xinjiang = Respons Cina Terhadap Tekanan Internasional pada Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang

Putra, Galih Pro Demokrasi Merdeka (2021) China's Response to International Pressure on Muslim Uighur in Xinjiang = Respons Cina Terhadap Tekanan Internasional pada Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The issue of the Uighur Muslim minority in Xinjiang has provoked the international community (the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, European Union) responses due to the Chinese government policies that was considered to have violated human rights of the Uighur Muslim in Xinjiang. The different narratives of Xinjiang between the two actors have caused differences of opinion among the people of international community. This research aims to explain the factors that caused the international community to be provoked with the China’s policies in Xinjiang and how the Chinese government is responding to the allegations by the international community. The theory used in this research is Constructivism with the concepts of Identity and Actions, War of Ideas, and National Interest. Furthermore, this is a qualitative research with a case-study research method. The result of the research shows that the Chinese government policies in Xinjiang was aimed to eliminate terrorism, extremism, and separatism that are prominent in the region. The policies however provoked the international community that the policies are violating the human rights of the Uighur Muslim. The focus of the debate has revolved around the human rights issue in which was used by the international community to give pressure on China. In response, China is denying all accusations by releasing statements, and giving sanctions to those who are interfering with their national policies. The research concludes that the two narratives of Xinjiang happened because of the different given identity and social interaction of the international community and China. Moreover, the two actors have differences in understanding the concept of human rights in the context of the policies in Xinjiang which makes the issue currently as a never-ending debate. / Isu tentang minoritas Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang telah memancing respon komunitas internasional (Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, Kanada, Uni Eropa) akibat kebijakan pemerintah Cina yang dinilai telah melanggar HAM Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang. Perbedaan narasi mengenai Xinjiang antara kedua aktor telah menyebabkan perbedaan pendapat di kalangan masyarakat internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan komunitas internasional terprovokasi dengan kebijakan pemerintah Cina di Xinjiang dan bagaimana pemerintah Cina menanggapi tuduhan dari komunitas internasional. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Konstruktivisme dengan konsep Identitas dan Aksi, Perang Gagasan, dan Kepentingan Nasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah Cina di Xinjiang ditujukan untuk membasmi terorisme, ekstremisme, dan separatisme yang terbukti nyata di wilayah tersebut. Namun, kebijakan tersebut memprovokasi komunitas internasional karena kebijakan tersebut dianggap telah melanggar hak asasi minoritas Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang. Fokus perdebatan berkisar pada isu HAM yang digunakan komunitas internasional untuk memberikan tekanan kepada Cina. Di sisi lain, Cina menyangkal semua tuduhan dengan mengeluarkan pernyataan, bahkan memberikan sanksi kepada pihak yang dianggap telah ikut campur dalam kebijakan nasionalnya. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa dua narasi di Xinjiang terjadi karena adanya perbedaan identitas dan interaksi sosial antara komunitas internasional dan Cina. Kedua aktor tersebut juga memiliki perbedaan pemahaman tentang konsep HAM dalam konteks kebijakan pemerintah Cina di Xinjiang yang menjadikan isu tersebut saat ini sebagai perdebatan yang tak kunjung usai.

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