Sihombing, Sahat Marulitua (2022) Perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah debitur dalam perjanjian kredit bank di Indonesia. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Granting loan is the main activity of a commercial bank. Between debtor as customer and
bank as creditor has a legal relationship in the area of private law, i.e. based on the
agreement which creates an agreement between those two parties. The legal relationship
between bank and debtor as customer must be based on the principle of balance in position
between the parties. Bank as creditor wants the credit to be returned by the debtor in agreed
time and condition, and as a result, bank becomes dominant in determining the termsand
conditions of credit, including in designing the substance of credit agreement. Some
principles in credit evaluation which stress on prudent banking principles are applied by the
bank, including evaluation of credit proposal based on 5 C’s principles.
This article analyzes the extent of legal protection for bank debtors according to the laws
and regulations in Indonesia. The research is normative juridical method, the legal materials
used consist of primary legal materials in the form of laws and their derivative regulations,
secondary legal materials in the form of books and journals in the field of law, and tertiary
legal materials in the form of dictionaries and encyclopedias of law. The data used in this
research is secondary data. Approaches to be used in this research are statute approach,
together with conceptual approach and case approach.
The results show that normative statutory regulations contain legal protection for debtor
customers. But in reality, because banks need security for their credit repayments, the clause
in the credit agreement does not pay attention to the principle of balance and does not
accommodate the rights of the debtor. It is the bank that dominates the design of the credit
agreement and as a result, the substance is made more in favor of the bank. The debtor is in
a position that must accept the contents of the agreement because he really needs credit, and
the debtor has no other choice. Example of housing loan agreement made by one of state
commercial bank showed the above results of research. Furthermore, legal protection for
bank debtors is not suitable to be judged from Consumer’s Protection Act. / Pemberian kredit merupakan kegiatan utama dari sebuah bank umum. Antara nasabah
debitur dengan bank sebagai kreditur tercipta hubungan hukum di wilayah perdata,
yang didasari atas adanya kata sepakat dan dengan itu tercipta suatu perjanjian antara
kedua belah pihak. Hubungan hukum antara bank dengan nasabah debitur dimaksud
harus didasari adanya asas keseimbangan antara pihak-pihak yang bersepakat. Bank
sebagai kreditur menginginkan agar kredit dapat dikembalikan debitur sesuai dengan
yang diperjanjikan, untuk itu bank menjadi dominan dalam menentukan syarat-syarat
kredit termasuk dalam merancang substansi perjanjian kreditnya. Berbagai prinsip
penilaian kredit yang sehat yang mengedepankan prinsip kehati-hatian diterapkan bank
dalam menilai suatu permohonan kredit, termasuk penilaian kelayakan kredit
berdasarkan prinsip 5 C’s.
Artikel ini menganalisis sejauh mana perlindungan hukum bagi debitur bank menurut
peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat yuridis
normatif. Adapun bahan hukum yang dipergunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer
berupa undang-undang dan peraturan turunannya, bahan hukum sekunder berupa bukubuku dan jurnal di bidang hukum, dan bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus dan
ensiklopedia hukum. Data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data
sekunder. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan antara
pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan secara normatif
telah memuat perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah debitur. Namun dalam kenyataannya
karena bank memerlukan keamanan atas pengembalian kreditnya, klausula dalam
perjanjian kredit kurang memperhatikan asas keseimbangan dan kurang
mengakomodasi hak-hak debitur. Pihak bank lah yang dominan mendisain perjanjian
kredit dan sebagai akibatnya, substansinya dibuat lebih banyak memihak bank. Debitur
berada pada posisi yang harus menerima isi perjanjian dimaksud karena dia sangat
membutuhkan kredit, dan debitur tidak mempunyai pilihan lain. Contoh perjanjian
kredit KPR yang dibuat oleh salah satu bank BUMN memperkuat hasil penelitian di
atas. Selanjutnya, perlindungan hukum bagi debitur bank tidak tepat dilihat dari sudut
pandang UU Perlindungan Konsumen.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Sihombing, Sahat Marulitua NIM01659200053 UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Sihombing, Jonker NIDN8838820016 UNSPECIFIED |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bank ; Debtor ; Agreement ; Legal Protection ; Bank ; Debitur ; Perjanjian ; Perlindungan Huk |
Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law |
Depositing User: | Users 22675 not found. |
Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2022 04:30 |
Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2022 04:31 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/44148 |