Pemanfaatan Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA) dalam Mendukung Liberalisasi Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Menguatnya Ekonomi Digital = Utilization of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) in Supporting Indonesian Economic Liberalization in the Middle of a Strengthening Digital Economy

Bangguna, Lidya Tannia (2022) Pemanfaatan Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA) dalam Mendukung Liberalisasi Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Menguatnya Ekonomi Digital = Utilization of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) in Supporting Indonesian Economic Liberalization in the Middle of a Strengthening Digital Economy. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Di tengah perubahan ekonomi global yang semakin kompetitif, Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) hadir sebagai strategi regionalisme baru guna menyikapi tantangan tersebut. MEA akan membantu meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi nasional negara-negara anggotanya yang pada akhirnya akan mampu mendongkrak perekonomian ASEAN untuk berperan aktif di kancah global, menjaga stabilitas kawasan, dan mengurangi potensi krisis. Dalam rangka mewujudkan hal tersebut, MEA membuat berbagai komitmen seperti Cetak Biru MEA, dan berbagai kerangka kerja yang harapannya dapat diimplentasikan terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan nasional negara anggotanya. Sebagai salah satu anggota, Indonesia memiliki kewajiban untuk mendukung terwujudnya integrasi ekonomi kawasan ini. Indonesia harus mampu meliberalisasi ekonominya dengan menghapus hambatan dalam perdagangan baik hambatan tarif, non-tarif, dan memberikan disiplin kebijakan. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Indonesia memanfaatkan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) bagi kemajuan liberalisasi ekonomi di tengah-tengah kemajuan ekonomi digital. Teori neoliberalisme percaya bahwa dengan menghilangkan semua hambatan tarif dan non-tarif dalam perdagangan dan investasi, penerapan good government yang transparan, anti korupsi, dan penguatan civil society dapat terwujud. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis yang datanya diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi pengamatan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, Indonesia belum sungguh-sungguh meliberalisasi ekonominya. Peran negara dalam ekonomi masih sangat dominan, yang ditunjukkan melalui berbagai intervensi dan kebijakan yang bersifat proteksionisme. Hal ini justru berpotensi meningkatkan praktek pemburuan rente dan ekonomi biaya tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, dengan bantuan dari kemajuan ekonomi digital, civil society diharapkan mampu mengawasi dan mengkritisi pemerintah agar terciptanya transparansi dan akuntabilitas yang pada akhirnya mampu mendorong daya saing ekonomi nasional. / In the midst of increasingly competitive global economic changes, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is present as a new regionalism strategy to address these challenges. The MEA will help improve the competitiveness of the national economies of its member countries which will ultimately be able to boost the ASEAN economy to play an active role in the global arena, maintain regional stability, and reduce potential crises. In order to achieve this, the MEA has made various commitments such as the AEC Blueprint, and various frameworks which are hoped to be implemented in the national policies of its member countries. As a member, Indonesia has an obligation to support the realization of economic integration in this region. Indonesia must be able to liberalize its economy by removing barriers to trade, both tariff and non-tariff barriers, and providing policy discipline. Therefore, this research is intended to find out how Indonesia utilizes the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) for the advancement of economic liberalization in the midst of the advancement of the digital economy. Neoliberalism theory believes that by removing all tariff and non-tariff barriers in trade and investment, the implementation of transparent, anti-corruption good government, and strengthening civil society can be realized. This research uses descriptive analysis method whose data is obtained through literature study, and data analysis is carried out using observation triangulation technique. From the results of the research conducted, Indonesia has not really liberalized its economy. The role of the state in the economy is still very dominant, which is shown through various interventions and policies that are protectionist in nature. This actually has the potential to increase rent-seeking practices and the high cost economy. Therefore, with the help of the advancement of the digital economy, civil society is expected to be able to monitor and criticize the government in order to create transparency and accountability which in turn will be able to encourage the competitiveness of the national economy.

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