Pemanfaatan kerja sama ekonomi bilateral oleh perusahaan multinasional: studi kasus Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) dalam kerangka Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA)

Suryadarma, Bernardus Charlie Elian (2022) Pemanfaatan kerja sama ekonomi bilateral oleh perusahaan multinasional: studi kasus Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) dalam kerangka Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perundingan kerja sama ekonomi bilateral Indonesia dan Korea Selatan yang dinamakan IK-CEPA dimulai sejak tahun 2012 silam hingga ditandatangani pada tahun 2020. Perjanjian ini menjadi momentum sekaligus pintu masuk bagi HMC untuk melakukan investasi melalui penanaman modalnya di Indonesia, sekaligus menjadikan Indonesia sebagai basis produksi dan ekspor untuk kawasan Asia Pasifik. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai alasan pemindahan HMC ke Indonesia serta kontribusinya bagi program ekonomi hijau berkelanjutan Indonesia. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan terdiri dari neoliberalisme, interdependensi kompleks, kerja sama ekonomi bilateral, perusahaan multinasional, dan ekonomi hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemindahan HMC ke Indonesia disebabkan berbagai faktor. Salah satu faktor yang utama adalah adanya perjanjian IK-CEPA, yang juga digunakan sebagai pintu masuknya investasi HMC di Indonesia. Masuknya HMC melalui IK-CEPA memberi banyak manfaat dan keuntungan, karena Indonesia telah menyiapkan regulasi sebagai fasilitas serta untuk melancarkan investasi HMC di Indonesia. Terlebih Indonesia memiliki bahan-bahan mentah yang dibutuhkan untuk diolah menjadi produk jadi yang bernilai tambah. HMC juga memberi dampak positif bagi Indonesia dengan berbagai teknologi hijau, visi, serta produk-produk inovatif yang dikeluarkan oleh HMC, seperti mobil listrik yang ramah lingkungan melalui pabriknya di Indonesia yang dapat membantu Indonesia untuk mewujudkan program ekonomi hijau berkelanjutan, salah satunya yaitu, net zero emissions. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan IK-CEPA oleh HMC membawa nilai tambah bagi Indonesia serta dalam hal ini menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. / Negotiations for bilateral economic cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea called IK-CEPA began in 2012 and were signed in 2020. This agreement is a momentum as well as an entry point for HMC to directly invest in Indonesia and to make Indonesia a base for its production and export to the Asia Pacific region. This study discusses the reasons for moving HMC to Indonesia and its contribution to Indonesia's sustainable green economy program. The theories and concepts used consist of neoliberalism, complex interdependence, bilateral economic cooperation, multinational corporations, and the green economy. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study as a research method. The results showed that the moving of HMC to Indonesia was caused by various factors. One of the main factors is the existence of the IK-CEPA agreement, which is also used as a gateway for HMC investment in Indonesia. The entry of HMC through IK-CEPA provides many benefits and advantages because Indonesia has prepared regulations as a facility and to launch HMC investment in Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia has the raw materials needed to be processed into value-added finished products. HMC also has a positive impact on Indonesia with various green technologies, visions, and innovative products issued by HMC, such as environmentally friendly electric cars through their factories in Indonesia that can help Indonesia to realize a sustainable green economy program, one of which is net zero emissions. It can be concluded that the use of IK-CEPA by HMC brings added value to Indonesia and in this case benefits both parties.

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