Sikap abstain Amerika Serikat terkait voting mengenai Israel: studi kasus resolusi 608, 611, 2334

Lesmana, Andre (2018) Sikap abstain Amerika Serikat terkait voting mengenai Israel: studi kasus resolusi 608, 611, 2334. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Bilateral relations between the United States and Israel are one of the manifestations of US foreign policy. This relationship is positioned as a symbiosis of mutualism because Israel is also aware of the position and benefits gained from the United States over their geographical location in the Middle East. This bilateral relationship developed 3 types of assistance, namely financial, military and political assistance. Unlike the two previous types of assistance, the political assistance provided by the United States is a little different; due to the position of the United States as a permanent member of the UN Security Council. However, the US sometimes does not use their veto rights to defend Israel in drafting a resolution that could harm Israel and prefers to abstain. This attitude raises many questions, because the United States seems to be in doubtness in terms of helping Israel in the political field. The reason for the United States in carrying out this maneuver and how the consequences that arise as a result of this attitude dominate the questions. The author tries to answer these questions by using the case study method through secondary data collection techniques, assisted by RAM (Rational Actor Model). The results of research conducted by the authors conclude that the reason behind the US abstention is that they have their own national interests related to each of the UN resolutions. In addition, the authors also concluded that this abstention could affect bilateral relations between the two countries. / Hubungan bilateral antara Amerika Serikat dan Israel adalah salah satu perwujudan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat. Hubungan ini diposisikan sebagai sebuah simbiosis mutualisme karena Israel juga menyadari posisi dan keuntungan yang diperoleh dari Amerika Serikat atas letak geografis mereka di Timur Tengah. Hubungan bilateral ini melahirkan 3 jenis bantuan, yaitu bantuan finansial, militer, serta politik. Berbeda dengan kedua jenis bantuan sebelumnya, bantuan politik yang diberikan oleh Amerika Serikat terlihat berbeda; salah satunya karena terkait posisi Amerika Serikat sebagai anggota tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB. Namun, AS terkadang tidak menggunakan hak veto mereka untuk membela Israel dalam penyusunan resolusi yang dapat merugikan Israel dan lebih memilih untuk melakukan abstain. Sikap ini menimbulkan banyak pertanyaan, karena Amerika Serikat terkesan setengah hati dalam membantu Israel di bidang politik. Apa yang menjadi alasan Amerika Serikat dalam melakukan manuver ini dan bagaimana bentuk konsekuensi yang timbul sebagai akibat dari sikap inilah yang mendominasi pertanyaan tersebut. Penulis berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus melalui teknik pengumpulan data sekunder, dibantu oleh model RAM (Rational Actor Model). Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis menyimpulkan bahwa alasan di balik sikap abstain AS adalah bahwa mereka mempunyai kepentingan nasionalnya sendiri yang berhubungan dengan masing-masing resolusi PBB. Selain itu, penulis juga menyimpulkan bahwa sikap abstain ini dapat mempengaruhi hubungan bilateral kedua negara.

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