Dinamika Hubungan Bilateral Filipina - Amerika Serikat di era Presiden Rodrigo Duterte: studi kasus War on Drugs di Filipina = Dynamics of Philippines-U.S. bilateral relations in the era of president Rodrigo Duterte: case study war on drugs in the Philippines

Ferdinandus, Yeheskiel Gabriel (2020) Dinamika Hubungan Bilateral Filipina - Amerika Serikat di era Presiden Rodrigo Duterte: studi kasus War on Drugs di Filipina = Dynamics of Philippines-U.S. bilateral relations in the era of president Rodrigo Duterte: case study war on drugs in the Philippines. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Illegal drugs activity serves as a critical problem that requires state’s action to tackle this issue. This is among other transnational crimes that happen globally. Philippines is one of few countries that boldly declared war towards this issue. Since 2016, the Philippines under President Rodrigo Duterte carries out his campaign that aims to eradicate illegal drugs activity through War on Drugs policy. This research aims to find out how the implementation of War on Drugs Policy in the Philippines and how the U.S. responded towards extrajudicial killings in the Philippines. In this research, the author uses descriptive and case study qualitative research method. In this research, the author uses Neo-liberal theory as a grand theory and supported by national interest, bilateral relations, and human rights concept. This research finds that War on Drugs policy initiated by President Duterte aims to make Philippines free from the illegal drugs activity that is considered as a “disease”. However, during the implementation of War on Drugs policy in the Philippines, the government and Philippine National Police was criticized for conducting killings or known as extrajudicial killings. Furthermore, the U.S. in 2016 condemn President Duterte War on Drugs policy which criticized as violation of human rights. However, after transition of U.S. President from Barrack Obama to Donald Trump, the U.S. government tend to support President Duterte War on Drugs policy. With the tendency support of the United States towards War on Drugs Policy, President Duterte has reopened to the United States. Because it cannot be denied that the Philippines still need United States role and help to enhance Philippines military capability. Aktivitas illegal drugs telah menjadi suatu permasalahan yang serius dan memerlukan respon negara untuk ditindaklanjuti. Isu ini merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan lintas negara yang terjadi secara global. Filipina merupakan salah satu negara yang berani untuk mengambil sikap perang terhadap aktivitas ini. Sejak tahun 2016, Filipina di bawah pemerintahan Presiden Rodrigo Duterte melakukan kampanye untuk memerangi aktivitas illegal drugs melalui kebijakan War on Drugs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses implementasi dari kebijakan War on Drugs di Filipina dan bagaimana respon Amerika Serikat terhadap extrajudicial killings di Filipina. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori neoliberal yang dibantu dengan konsep kepentingan nasional, kerja sama bilateral dan hak asasi manusia. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan kebijakan War on Drugs yang dibentuk oleh Presiden Duterte memiliki tujuan untuk menjadikan negara Filipina bebas dari aktivitas illegal drugs yang dianggapnya sebagai “penyakit”. Namun, selama implementasi kebijakan War on Drugs di Filipina berlangsung, pemerintah dan Philippine National Police di nilai telah melakukan aktivitas pembunuhan diluar prosedur hukum atau disebut dengan extrajudicial killings. Selain itu, Amerika Serikat di tahun 2016 memilih untuk mengecam kebijakan Presiden Duterte yang dinilai sebagai tindakan yang melanggar hak asasi manusia. Namun, setelah bergantinya Presiden Obama kepada Presiden Donald Trump, Amerika Serikat cenderung mendukung kebijakan War on Drugs Presiden Duterte. Dengan adanya kencenderungan dukungan Amerika Serikat atas kebijakan War on Drugs, maka Presiden Duterte kembali membuka diri terhadap Amerika Serikat. Karena tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa Filipina masih membutuhkan peran dan bantuan Amerika Serikat dalam meningkatkan kapasitas militer Filipina.

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