Combating islamophobia: the debates over definition and collaboration between the European Union (EU) and the organization of Islamic countries (OIC)

Zhafirah, Sausan (2020) Combating islamophobia: the debates over definition and collaboration between the European Union (EU) and the organization of Islamic countries (OIC). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The international world is currently facing a new challenge that threatens and disrupts the lives of Muslims, namely the problem of Islamophobia. This concept refers to any verbal or physical form of negative view and action directed towards Muslim and Islam. This action caused by several factors that contribute in producing feelings of fear, hatred, threatened, or phobias towards Muslims.This phobia mostly found in the Western world, especially in the European Union (EU) member states. One of the factors why Islamophobia increases rapidly in Europe is due to the European society psychological and sociological experience from terrorist attacks in the name of Islam that occurred in Europe and other parts of the world. This thesis identify the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) as a representative of Muslims, that voice out Islamic views to the world by handling and providing views on the issue of Islamophobia. The rising number of the case of Islamophobia requires a concrete and effective solution because today’s Islamophobia is not only detrimental to Muslims, but also affecting European society safety in general. This thesis answers two research questions, one, is to find out the different perspectives of Islamophobia from the EU and OIC from the way they interpret the concept of Islamophobia. Second, this thesis also discusses the efforts from each organization as well as the nature of their collaboration in dealing with the issue of Islamophobia in Europe. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. By using the theory of neoliberalism, the results are in the form of a description and analysis of these two organizations different goals, focus, perspectives, and responses on Islamophobia. Besides that, this study shows the EU and OIC different perspectives on Islamophobia as they have significantly influenced the results of their cooperation. / Saat ini dunia internasional sedang menghadapi tantangan baru yang mengancam dan menganggu kehidupan umat Muslim, yaitu masalah Islamofobia. Konsep ini merujuk pada pandangan dan tindakan negatif dalam bentuk lisan maupun fisik yang ditunjukkan kepada umat Muslim dan agama Islam. Tindakan ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi dalam menghasilkan perasaan takut, benci, terancam, atau fobia terhadap umat Muslim. Fobia ini banyak ditemui di dunia Barat, terutama di negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa (UE). Salah satu faktor mengapa Islamofobia meningkat dengan pesat di Eropa adalah karena dampak psikologis dan sosiologis masyarakat Eropa terhadap serangan teroris yang mengatasnamakan Islam yang terjadi di Eropa maupun di bagian dunia yang lain. Skripsi ini melihat peran dari Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) sebagai perwakilan suara Muslim di dunia dalam menangani dan memberikan pandangan atas isu Islamofobia. Peningkatan kasus Islamofobia membutuhkan solusi yang konkret dan efektif, karena saat ini Islamofobia tidak hanya merugikan bagi umat Muslim namun, juga pada standar keamanan kehidupan masyarakat Eropa pada umumnya. Skripsi ini menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian yaitu mencari tahu perbedaan cara pandang UE dan OKI melalui cara mereka menafsirkan Islamofobia. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga membahas upaya dari masing-masing organisasi dan juga kolaborasi dari kedua organisasi ini dalam menangani isu Islamofobia di Eropa. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan teori neoliberalisme, hasil yang didapat adalah berupa penjelasan dan analisa dari perbedaan tujuan, fokus, perspektif, dan respon dari kedua organisasi ini. Selain itu, studi ini juga menunjukkan adanya cara pandang yang berbeda dari UE maupun OKI mengenai Islamofobia yang memberikan pengaruh cukup besar pada hasil kerja sama mereka.

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