Hubungan antara status merokok dengan obesitas sentral pada pria dewasa di Tangerang = The association between smoking status and central obesity in male adults in Tangerang

Wibawa, Maria Valentina (2018) Hubungan antara status merokok dengan obesitas sentral pada pria dewasa di Tangerang = The association between smoking status and central obesity in male adults in Tangerang. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Background: Smokers have been found to have lower body-mass index than nonsmokers, however smoking may favor abdominal fat accumulation, leading to central obesity. Central obesity has been found to be a better indicator for increased risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, as well as increased mortality and morbidity. The association between smoking and central obesity is also relevant as both are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between smoking status and smoking amount on central obesity is still controversial. Objective: To determine if smoking status is associated with central obesity in adult males. Methods: A cross sectional study will be conducted using primary data collected from subjects through a self-administered questionnaire and the measurement of their waist circumference. Sampling will be done through consecutive sampling methods. The target sample size is 75 people consisting of male adults aged 35-60 years old. Central obesity is defined as having a waist circumference ≧90cm in males. Smoking status and amount smoked will be assesed by a self-admistered questionnaire. Ethical approval will be submitted to the University of Pelita Harapan Medical Faculty ethics committee. Data collection will be conducted from March-July 2018, followed by data processing and analysis using SPSS to find Chi Square values and logistic regression to adjust for confounding variable.x Results: Statistic results with Chi square shows that there is a significant correlation between smoking status and central obesity (p=0,008). Smokers (36.8%) had a lower prevalece of central obesity than non-smokers (70.3%)(OR:0.247). However, after adjusting for age and physical activity, the relationship between smoking status and central obesity was no longer significant(p=0.578). Amongst smokers, a significant positive correlation is found between the degree of smoking and prevalence of central obesity in men (p=0,021). Heavy smokers had the highest level of central obesity (83.3%), followed by moderate smokers (38.5%) and then light smokers (32.2%). This shows a doseresponse relationship, where the prevalence of central obesity increases with the degree of cigarettes smoked. Conclusion: The cross-sectional design, uncontrolled confounding variables and other limitiations of this study makes it difficult to infer a causal relationship between smoking status and central obesity. However, current smokers, especially heavy smokers, should be informed that they are more prone to central fat accumulation and thus have increased associated health risks.

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