Evolusi hubungan politik Iran-Arab Saudi sejak 2016 dalam perspektif konstruktivisme dan analisis proses menuju rekonsiliasi = The evolution of Iran-Saudi Arabia political relations since 2016 through a constructivist perspective and an analysis of the path toward reconciliation

Lanjari, Rara Nindya Wijayantika (2025) Evolusi hubungan politik Iran-Arab Saudi sejak 2016 dalam perspektif konstruktivisme dan analisis proses menuju rekonsiliasi = The evolution of Iran-Saudi Arabia political relations since 2016 through a constructivist perspective and an analysis of the path toward reconciliation. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Hubungan politik antara Iran dan Arab Saudi telah menjadi salah satu isu paling krusial di Timur Tengah karena ikut berkontribusi pada instabilitas kawasan dan global selama puluhan tahun. Terlebih lagi sejak kedua negara memutus hubungan diplomatik pada tahun 2016 menyusul eskalasi ketegangan di antara keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan di balik pemutusan hubungan diplomatik antara Iran-Arab Saudi pada 2016 dan menjabarkan evolusi hubungan politik kedua negara setelah pemutusan tersebut hingga tahun 2024, dengan menyoroti proses dan inisiatif yang mengarah pada rekonsiliasi kedua negara. Untuk maksud ini, penulis menggunakan perspektif Konstruktivisme dengan fokus pada konsep konstruksi identitas, konstitusi agen dan struktur, serta persepsi intersubjektif. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data mencakup sumber primer, seperti: wawancara dan komunikasi personal, serta sumber sekunder, melalui dokumen resmi, website pemerintah, literatur akademik, dan portal berita. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perbedaan konstruksi identitas ideologis—Sunni yang menjadi dasar identitas Arab Saudi dan Syiah yang membentuk identitas Iran—berkontribusi sebagai faktor utama pemutusan hubungan diplomatik pada 2016. Temuan menunjukkan adanya proses rekonstitusi hubungan melalui perubahan persepsi di antara kedua negara, yang awalnya berlandaskan antagonisme identitas menuju keterbukaan terhadap interaksi konstruktif. Interaksi antara agen (pemimpin dan aktor politik) dan struktur ideasional (norma identitas, kepentingan strategis, dan persepsi kolektif) menciptakan dinamika baru yang memungkinkan tercapainya inisiatif bersama, termasuk mediasi pihak ketiga, dialog bilateral, dan kesepakatan awal di sektor-sektor strategis. Meskipun perbedaan ideologis dan aliansi strategis tetap menjadi tantangan signifikan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa rekonfigurasi identitas dan penyesuaian kepentingan strategis berkontribusi pada penguatan struktur ideasional kolektif, yang mendukung proses rekonsiliasi secara bertahap. / The political relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia has been one of the most critical issues in the region, causing various instabilities both regionally and globally for decades. This situation has been exacerbated since the two countries severed diplomatic ties in 2016 following escalating tensions. This study aims to explore the reasons behind the diplomatic rupture between Iran and Saudi Arabia in 2016 and to analyze the evolution of their political relationship from the rupture to 2024, with a focus on the processes and initiatives leading toward reconciliation. To address the research questions and objectives, the author employs the Constructivism perspective developed by Alexander Wendt, emphasizing the concepts of identity construction, the constitution of agents and structures, and intersubjective perceptions. The research employs data collection methods, including primary sources such as interviews and personal communications, as well as secondary sources, such as official documents, government websites, academic literature, news portals, and others. The findings reveal that differences in ideological identity construction—Sunni Islam as the foundation of Saudi Arabia’s identity and Shia Islam shaping Iran’s identity—served as a fundamental factor behind the diplomatic severance in 2016. The study identifies a process of reconstructing relations through shifts in perceptions between the two countries, transitioning from identity-based antagonism to a willingness to engage in constructive interactions. Interactions between agents (political leaders and policymakers) and ideational structures (norms of identity, strategic interests, and collective perceptions) have created new dynamics, enabling joint initiatives such as third-party mediation, bilateral dialogues, and preliminary agreements in strategic sectors. Although ideological differences and opposing strategic alliances remain significant challenges, the study concludes that identity reconfiguration and adjustments to strategic interests have contributed to strengthening collective ideational structures, gradually fostering the process of reconciliation.
Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor)
Creators:
Creators
NIM
Email
ORCID
Lanjari, Rara Nindya Wijayantika
NIM01043210053
raranindyaa24@gmail.com
UNSPECIFIED
Contributors:
Contribution
Contributors
NIDN/NIDK
Email
Thesis advisor
Tambunan, Edwin Martua Bangun
NIDN0320076901
edwin.tambunan@uph.edu
Uncontrolled Keywords: rivalitas; rekonsiliasi; konstruktivisme; Arab Saudi; Iran; rivalry; reconciliation; constructivism; Saudi Arabia; Iran.
Subjects: J Political Science > JZ International relations
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > International Relations
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > International Relations
Depositing User: RARA NINDYA WIJAYANTIKA LANJARI
Date Deposited: 15 Jan 2025 06:51
Last Modified: 15 Jan 2025 06:51
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/66405

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