Agreements serve as the foundation for defining the rights and obligations of the parties involved, establishing a legal framework that promotes fairness, transparency, and accountability. In the context of rental agreements, these contracts outline the relationship between landlords and tenants, specifying terms related to property use, rent payments, and the responsibilities of each party for property maintenance. The landlord is typically responsible for providing a safe, functional, and accessible property, ensuring it meets agreed-upon standards, while the tenant is obligated to pay rent on time and comply with the terms and conditions specified in the agreement. When a tenant fails to meet their obligations, such as neglecting to pay rent, it constitutes a breach of contract. Breaches like these disrupt the balance of the agreement, often leaving landlords to seek legal remedies. Contractual liability refers to the legal responsibility of a party to fulfill the obligations outlined in the contract. When either the landlord or tenant fails to meet these obligations, such as a landlord failing to maintain the property or a tenant failing to pay rent, they can be held liable for breach of contract. In situations where informal attempts to resolve the issue fail, legal disputes often escalate to litigation. This process allows the aggrieved party to present their case in court, seeking enforcement of payment, termination of the agreement, or compensation for damages caused by the breach. For instance, in Decision Number 231/PDT.G/2023/PN JKT.SEL, litigation was used as a means to address contractual violations and achieve resolution. The judicial process plays an essential role in resolving such disputes, ensuring that contractual obligations are enforced, and that all parties understand the legal consequences of failing to uphold their duties. Ultimately, these proceedings emphasize the importance of adhering to agreements and provide legal clarity when obligations are breached.