Karakteristik ketertiban umum dalam menolak putusan arbitrase asing oleh non-contracting party dalam perjanjian angkutan laut internasional

Lee, Josephine (2024) Karakteristik ketertiban umum dalam menolak putusan arbitrase asing oleh non-contracting party dalam perjanjian angkutan laut internasional. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Arbitrase sebagai salah satu lembaga alternatif penyelesaian sengketa telah umum digunakan oleh para pihak yang melaksanakan transaksi lintas negara, termasuk pada pelaku pengangkutan laut. Efisien, efektif, proses persidangan bersifat rahasia dan dilakukan oleh arbiter yang memiliki pengalaman dibidangnya serta putusan yang final dan mengikat telah menjadi alasan yang diketahui oleh pihak-pihak yang terikat pada perjanjian arbitrase. Perkembangan dalam dunia internasional juga terjadi pada saat The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) mengakomodir mengenai hal ini dalam perjanjian baku pengangkutan lautnya, dengan menyatakan pilihan lembaga penyelesaian sengketa dalam salah satu klausulanya sepanjang penyelesaian dengan cara tersebut disetujui oleh para pihak. Namun, sering ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar pihak yang dikalahkan menolak atau mengesampingkan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase asing dengan alasan bertentangan dengan kepentingan umum di negara dimana pengakuan dan pelaksanaannya dimintakan dengan berdasarkan pada Pasal V(2) Konvensi New York tentang Pengakuan dan Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase Asing (Konvensi New York. Tidak ada definisi atau standar atas pengertian ketertiban umum dan Konvensi New York memberikan kebebasan bagi setiap negara untuk menafsirkan pengertian ketertiban umum, sehingga standar dan definisi ketertiban umum di setiap negara berbeda, mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan ketertiban umum dan sejauh mana ketertiban umum dapat diterapkan. Apabila, dalam penelitian sebelumnya, banyak yang menuliskan pandangan mereka mengenai ketertiban umum untuk mengesampingkan atau menolak putusan arbitrase asing hanya kepada pihak yang dikalahkan yang menandatangani perjanjian arbitrase asing pada bidang usaha yang lain, dalam tesis ini, penulis mencoba mengambil sudut pandang lain mengenai konsep ketertiban umum dapat diberlakukan terhadap pihak perusahaan penanaman modal asing yang bukan pihak dalam Perjanjian Baku Angkutan Laut Internasional BIMCO untuk menolak atau mengesampingkan permohonan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase asing yang diberikan oleh Singapore Chambers of Maritime Arbitratio dan menghubungkannya dengan pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase asing yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa dengan mempertimbangkan juga Pasal 1320, Pasal 1338 dan Pasal 1340 Hukum Perdata Internasional dan praktek internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah normatif, dengan mempelajari dan menganalisis data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier antara lain buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnal, dsbnya. / Arbitration as one of the alternative dispute settlements body has been commonly chose by the parties who carried out cross border transaction, including the sea- transportation industry actors. Efficient, effective, confidential in nature trial process and tried by the arbitrator having the expertise in the field as well as final and binding decision has become a well-known reason for those bound by the arbitration agreement. The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) had also accommodated this in its uniform international sea transportation agreement, by stating the choice of any dispute settlement body in one of its clause provided that such settlement agreed and signed by the parties. However, it is often to be found that most of the loosing party refuses or setting-aside the enforcement of the foreign arbitration award for the reason of violation to the public policy or public order in its country where the enforcement and recognition is sought on the ground of Article V(2) of the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Award (New York Convention). There's no certain definition or standard on public policy and it gives the liberty to each state to interpret the meaning of public policy/public order, such that, the standard and definition of public policy in each state is varied, about what is meant by public policy and to what extend that the public policy may be applied. If, in the previous research, many states their view on the concept of public policy as the legal basis to setting-aside the foreign arbitration award only for the loosing party who directly signed the arbitration agreement in other field of business, in this thesis, the writer try to take a different perspective on whether such public policy concept can be applied by the Indonesian foreign limited liability company as non-contracting party of BIMCO international uniform sea-transportation agreement to setting aside or refuse the application for the execution of the foreign arbitration award granted by the Singapore Chambers of Maritime Arbitration and to connect it with the enforcement and recognition of foreign arbitration award in Indonesia as stipulated in Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolutions by considering also Article 1320, Article 1338 and Article 1340 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the international practice. The research method used in this thesis is normative, by studying and analyzing the secondary sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials comprising of books, laws and regulations, journals, etc.
Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Creators:
Creators
NIM
Email
ORCID
Lee, Josephine
NIM01659230029
josephine.jlo2015@gmail.com
UNSPECIFIED
Contributors:
Contribution
Contributors
NIDN/NIDK
Email
Thesis advisor
Sugianto, Fajar
NIDN0717077607
fajar.sugianto@uph.edu
Uncontrolled Keywords: arbitration ; publlic policy ; setting-aside ; non-contracting party
Subjects: K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Depositing User: Josephine Lee
Date Deposited: 30 Jan 2025 01:43
Last Modified: 30 Jan 2025 01:43
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/66799

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