Kebijakan luar negeri Filipina terhadap Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat pasca kebangkitan Tiongkok sebagai kekuasaan besar = Philippines foreign policy towards China and united states after the rise of China as a great power

Wynne, Jesslyn (2020) Kebijakan luar negeri Filipina terhadap Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat pasca kebangkitan Tiongkok sebagai kekuasaan besar = Philippines foreign policy towards China and united states after the rise of China as a great power. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Duterte di Filipina, berlangsung kebangkitan Tiongkok dan penyebaran pengaruh Tiongkok sebagai kekuasaan besar di kawasan Asia. Usaha penyebaran pengaruh tersebut dilakukan melalui dua aspek kekuasaan, yaitu ekonomi dan militer. Kedua aspek tersebut diwujudkan dalam bentuk Belt and Road Initiative serta klaim atas wilayah Laut Cina Selatan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai respon Filipina melalui kebijakan luar negerinya atas kebangkitan Tiongkok serta dampaknya terhadap hubungan Filipina dan Amerika Serikat. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan terdiri dari Neorealisme, kekuasaan, polaritas, dan kebijakan luar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif serta metode penelitian komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Filipina dalam menanggapi kebangkitan Tiongkok sebagai kekuasaan besar dengan kebijakan luar negeri yang independen. Strategi kebijakan luar negeri Filipina bergeser dari yang bersekutu dengan Amerika Serikat dalam bentuk balancing kemudian menjadi bersekutu dengan dua negara berkekuasaan besar, yaitu Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok, dalam bentuk hedging. Amerika Serikat meresponi kebijakan Filipina dengan memberikan lebih banyak bantuan dan mendekatkan hubungan kedua negara melalui aspek militer dengan berfokus pada kerja sama kontraterorisme dan pelatihan militer. Hubungan antara Filipina dan Amerika Serikat masih dekat namun dalam aspek yang berbeda. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Filipina mendekatkan diri ke Tiongkok dalam aspek ekonomi sedangkan Amerika Serikat dalam aspek militer. / During Duterte's administration as the President of the Philippines, China is rising and spreading its influence as a new great power in the region. China’s Efforts to spread their influence were carried out using two aspects of power, economic and military. Both aspects were manifested in the form of Belt and Road Initiative and China’s claim to the South China Sea. This thesis discusses Philippines response using its foreign policy on the rise of China as a great power and examine its impact on Philippines-United States relations. Theories and concepts that are used in this thesis are neorealism, power, polarity, and foreign policy. This thesis uses qualitative research approach with descriptive and comparative research methods. The results showed Philippines response to China as a great power with an independent foreign policy. Philippines’ foreign policy strategy shifted to China from the United States in the form of balancing within alliance with two major powers in the form of hedging. The United States responds to the Philippines' new foreign policy shift by providing more assistance and military contributions through counterterrorism cooperation and military training. However, the relations between the two countries are still close in different aspects. This study shows that Philippines choose to cooperate with China in the economic aspect while Philippines continue to expand its military cooperation with the United States.

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