Perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah pada bank swasta nasional menurut undang-undang nomor 4 tahun 1996 tentang hak tanggungan

Limpele, Mariane Mogot (2020) Perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah pada bank swasta nasional menurut undang-undang nomor 4 tahun 1996 tentang hak tanggungan. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

In practice, it was found that PT Bank X, Tbk., hereinafter referred to as Bank X, was one of the national private banks that had given loans with guarantees of land rights to debtors. The purpose of research is to describe the implementation of credit agreement with guarantees of land rights at the National Private Bank (Bank X) and issues contained in the implementation of credit agreements and how to resolve them and also to describe the legal protection for creditors of the guarantees of land rights when non-performing loan happens. This type of research is normative juridical. The results showed that in the credit granting procedure, the Bank conducted a credit analysis using the 5C analysis method or The Five C's analysis in deciding whether the credit proposed by the applicant was accepted or rejected, namely: 1) Character, 2) Capacity, 3) Capital, 4 ) Collateral, 5) Condition of economy to avoid the non-performing loan. In addition, credit can be given to applicants who have fulfilled general requirements. Issues contained in the implementation of credit agreements with guarantees of land rights are default, the emergence of non-performing loan which results in breach of contract. To face the issues that arise in the implementation of credit agreements with guarantees of land rights, the creditor makes an effort to resolve it by auction to execute the security rights. Other efforts are through credit administration including: 1) Rescheduling, 2) Reconditioning, 3) Restructuring. The legal protection for creditors of the guarantees of land rights when non-performing loan happens is through the alternative agencies for dispute resolution. As the legal protection for creditor, negotiations have been carried out between the parties to settle the non-performing loan. / Dalam praktik dijumpai bahwa PT Bank X, Tbk., yang selanjutnya disebut dengan Bank X, merupakan salah satu bank swasta nasional yang telah memberikan kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah kepada debitur. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah pada Bank Swasta Nasional (Bank X) dan kendala-kendala yang terdapat dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit tersebut beserta cara penyelesaiannya dan menggambarkan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur atas jaminan hak atas tanah pada saat kredit macet. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pemberian kredit, Bank melakukan analisis kredit dengan menggunakan metode analisis 5C atau The Five C’s analysis dalam memutuskan apakah kredit yang diajukan oleh pemohon diterima atau ditolak, yaitu: 1) Character, 2) Capacity, 3) Capital, 4) Collateral, 5) Condition of economy agar tidak terjadi kredit macet. Selain itu, pemberian kredit dapat diberikan untuk pemohon yang telah memenuhi syarat-syarat umum. Kendala-kendala yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan pemberian kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah adalah terjadinya wanprestasi, timbulnya kredit macet yang mengakibatkan cidera janji. Dalam menghadapi kendala-kendala yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan pemberian kredit dengan jaminan hak atas tanah, pihak kreditur melakukan upaya penyelesaian dengan cara eksekusi pelelangan hak tanggungan. Upaya lainnya adalah bank melakukan penyelamatan kredit secara administrasi perkreditan antara lain: 1) Rescheduling, 2) Reconditioning, 3) Restructuring. Bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur terhadap jaminan hak atas tanah pada saat kredit macet yaitu melalui jalur penyelesaian sengketa. Sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur telah dilakukan negosiasi antara para pihak untuk menyelesaikan kredit macet.

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