Penerapan doktrin strict liability dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup oleh korporasi

Suciadi, William Suryanto (2024) Penerapan doktrin strict liability dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup oleh korporasi. Masters thesis, Universtitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Korporasi sebagai subjek hukum sudah diakui dan diatur dalam Undang-Undang khususnya Undang-Undangan Perlindungan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Sebagai subjek hukum korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Dimana dalam meminta pertanggungjawaban pidana tersebut terdapat beberapa asas atau doktrin yang dapat digunakan yakni antara lain strict liability, asas vicarious liability, asas respondent superior, dan asas delegasi. Berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang dibahas maka akan lebih difokuskan pada doktrin strict liability, hal tersebut didasarkan pada tindak pidana dalam lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh korporasi. Dimana semakin pesatnya teknologi dan munculnya beragamnya modus operandi maka tentunya akan sulit untuk membuktikan ada atau tidaknya kesalahan pada korporasi, serta alasan penghapusan kesalahan yang dimaknai dan diterapkan secara berbeda-beda oleh Majlis Hakim yang akan berakibat pada dapat atau tidaknya korporasi dijatuhi pemidanaan, sementara disisi lain telah terjadi kerusakan atau pencemaran atas lingkungan akibat tindakan operasional dari korporasi. Hal tersebut sebagaimana Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3840 K/Pid.Sus.LH/2021 atas nama Terdakwa PT Kumai Sentosa dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3700 K/Pid.Sus- LH/2022 dengan Terdakwa PT Nickcrome Indo Jaya, memang terdapat perbedaan tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh kedua korporasi tersebut, namun poin yang hendak ditelaah adalah mengenai perbedaan pertimbangan Majelis Hakim untuk menentukan hapusnya kesalahan dan serta bagaimana penerapan dari doktrin strict liability dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang berfokus pada pertanggungjawaban tanpa memerlukan pembuktian unsur kesalahan (mens rea), melainkan cukup dengan adanya perbuatan terlarang (actus reus) yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian dalam tesis ini menggunakan tipe penelitian legal research, serta untuk memperoleh pemecahan masalah menggunakan metode statute approach, conceptual approach dan case approach. Berdasarkan pembahasan tersebut menunjukan adanya inkonsistensi terhadap penerapan perlu tidak kesalahan, alasan penghapus kesalahan, perbedaan penerapan doktrin strict liability akibat tidak diaturnya doktrin strict liability dalam aspek tindak pidana secara tegas dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup / Corporations, as legal entities, are recognized and regulated under specific legislation, particularly the Law on Environmental Protection and Management (UU PPLH). As legal subjects, corporations that commit criminal acts may be held criminally liable. In seeking such criminal responsibility, various legal doctrines may be applied, including strict liability, vicarious liability, respondeat superior, and delegation. This study specifically focuses on the strict liability doctrine in relation to environmental crimes committed by corporations. Given the rapid advancement of technology and the evolving method of operationof corporate actions, it has become increasingly challenging to establish the presence or absence of fault within a corporation. Moreover, the grounds for the elimination of fault are interpreted and applied inconsistently by the judiciary, which may result in the corporation either being convicted or acquitted, even when environmental damage or pollution occurs as a direct result of corporate operations. This issue is exemplified in the Supreme Court Decisions No. 3840 K/Pid.Sus.LH/2021 (defendant PT Kumai Sentosa) and No. 3700 K/Pid.Sus-LH/2022 (defendant PT Nickcrome Indo Jaya). While the environmental offenses committed by these two corporations differ, the critical aspect examined is the inconsistency in the judicial reasoning regarding the dismissal of fault and the application of the strict liability doctrine, which focuses on corporate accountability without the need to prove fault (mens rea), but only the commission of the prohibited act (actus reus). The research conducted in this thesis employs legal research methodology, incorporating a statute approach, conceptual approach, and case law approach. The analysis reveals inconsistencies in the application of fault, grounds for the elimination of fault, and the failure to explicitly regulate the strict liability doctrine in the criminal aspects of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management
Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Creators:
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Suciadi, William Suryanto
NIM02659230005
UNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED
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Mandiana, Sari
UNSPECIFIED
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Thesis advisor
Ginting, Yuni Priskila
UNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords: corporate criminal liability; environmental crimes; strict liability doctrine
Subjects: K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Surabaya > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Surabaya > Faculty of Law > Master of Law
Depositing User: Rafael Rudy
Date Deposited: 17 Mar 2025 02:48
Last Modified: 17 Mar 2025 02:48
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/67806

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