Suciadi, William Suryanto (2024) Penerapan doktrin strict liability dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup oleh korporasi. Masters thesis, Universtitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Korporasi sebagai subjek hukum sudah diakui dan diatur dalam Undang-Undang
khususnya Undang-Undangan Perlindungan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Sebagai subjek hukum korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana dapat dimintai
pertanggungjawaban pidana. Dimana dalam meminta pertanggungjawaban pidana
tersebut terdapat beberapa asas atau doktrin yang dapat digunakan yakni antara lain
strict liability, asas vicarious liability, asas respondent superior, dan asas delegasi.
Berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang dibahas maka akan lebih difokuskan
pada doktrin strict liability, hal tersebut didasarkan pada tindak pidana dalam
lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh korporasi. Dimana semakin pesatnya
teknologi dan munculnya beragamnya modus operandi maka tentunya akan sulit
untuk membuktikan ada atau tidaknya kesalahan pada korporasi, serta alasan
penghapusan kesalahan yang dimaknai dan diterapkan secara berbeda-beda oleh
Majlis Hakim yang akan berakibat pada dapat atau tidaknya korporasi dijatuhi
pemidanaan, sementara disisi lain telah terjadi kerusakan atau pencemaran atas
lingkungan akibat tindakan operasional dari korporasi. Hal tersebut sebagaimana
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3840 K/Pid.Sus.LH/2021 atas nama Terdakwa
PT Kumai Sentosa dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3700 K/Pid.Sus-
LH/2022 dengan Terdakwa PT Nickcrome Indo Jaya, memang terdapat perbedaan
tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh kedua korporasi tersebut, namun poin yang
hendak ditelaah adalah mengenai perbedaan pertimbangan Majelis Hakim untuk
menentukan hapusnya kesalahan dan serta bagaimana penerapan dari doktrin strict
liability dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang berfokus pada
pertanggungjawaban tanpa memerlukan pembuktian unsur kesalahan (mens rea),
melainkan cukup dengan adanya perbuatan terlarang (actus reus) yang telah
dilakukan. Penelitian dalam tesis ini menggunakan tipe penelitian legal research,
serta untuk memperoleh pemecahan masalah menggunakan metode statute
approach, conceptual approach dan case approach. Berdasarkan pembahasan
tersebut menunjukan adanya inkonsistensi terhadap penerapan perlu tidak
kesalahan, alasan penghapus kesalahan, perbedaan penerapan doktrin strict liability
akibat tidak diaturnya doktrin strict liability dalam aspek tindak pidana secara tegas
dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup / Corporations, as legal entities, are recognized and regulated under specific
legislation, particularly the Law on Environmental Protection and Management
(UU PPLH). As legal subjects, corporations that commit criminal acts may be held
criminally liable. In seeking such criminal responsibility, various legal doctrines
may be applied, including strict liability, vicarious liability, respondeat superior,
and delegation. This study specifically focuses on the strict liability doctrine in
relation to environmental crimes committed by corporations. Given the rapid
advancement of technology and the evolving method of operationof corporate
actions, it has become increasingly challenging to establish the presence or
absence of fault within a corporation. Moreover, the grounds for the elimination of
fault are interpreted and applied inconsistently by the judiciary, which may result
in the corporation either being convicted or acquitted, even when environmental
damage or pollution occurs as a direct result of corporate operations. This issue is
exemplified in the Supreme Court Decisions No. 3840 K/Pid.Sus.LH/2021
(defendant PT Kumai Sentosa) and No. 3700 K/Pid.Sus-LH/2022 (defendant PT
Nickcrome Indo Jaya). While the environmental offenses committed by these two
corporations differ, the critical aspect examined is the inconsistency in the judicial
reasoning regarding the dismissal of fault and the application of the strict liability
doctrine, which focuses on corporate accountability without the need to prove fault
(mens rea), but only the commission of the prohibited act (actus reus). The research
conducted in this thesis employs legal research methodology, incorporating a
statute approach, conceptual approach, and case law approach. The analysis
reveals inconsistencies in the application of fault, grounds for the elimination of
fault, and the failure to explicitly regulate the strict liability doctrine in the criminal
aspects of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Suciadi, William Suryanto NIM02659230005 UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Mandiana, Sari UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thesis advisor Ginting, Yuni Priskila UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | corporate criminal liability; environmental crimes; strict liability doctrine |
Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Surabaya > Faculty of Law > Master of Law Current > Faculty/School - UPH Surabaya > Faculty of Law > Master of Law |
Depositing User: | Rafael Rudy |
Date Deposited: | 17 Mar 2025 02:48 |
Last Modified: | 17 Mar 2025 02:48 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/67806 |