Monica, Elwiana (2025) Populism and the end of history = A case study of the U.S. under president Donald Trump's first and second term. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Kemenangan global demokrasi liberal, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Francis Fukuyama dalam The End of History, berasumsi bahwa pasar bebas dan pemerintahan demokratis akan menjamin kemakmuran dan stabilitas. Namun, kritik terhadap teori liberal menunjukkan bahwa globalisasi dalam kerangka ini justru menghasilkan ketimpangan ekonomi yang semakin melebar, melemahkan kohesi sosial, dan memicu rasa keterasingan. Kondisi ini menciptakan peluang bagi para pemimpin populis untuk mengeksploitasi ketidakpuasan publik demi kepentingan politik. Studi ini menggunakan kritik-kritik tersebut untuk menelaah bagaimana kontradiksi internal dalam liberalisme telah berkontribusi terhadap bangkitnya populisme, dengan menggunakan kasus Amerika Serikat di bawah kepemimpinan Donald Trump. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dalam paradigma positivis, penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Trump memobilisasi keluhan material dan emosional untuk memperoleh dan mempertahankan kekuasaan. Retorika Trump memadukan keluhan ekonomi dengan politik identitas, yang memungkinkannya tampil sebagai suara bagi “orang-orang yang dilupakan.” Kepemimpinannya merusak norma-norma demokrasi dan melemahkan institusi multilateral, sehingga turut berkontribusi pada disrupsi tatanan liberal global. Pada akhirnya, studi ini memperkaya disiplin Hubungan Internasional dengan menyempurnakan teori liberal dan meninjau kembali tesis The End of History Fukuyama dalam menghadapi tantangan global kontemporer. / The global triumph of liberal democracy, as proposed by Francis Fukuyama in The End of History, assumed that free markets and democratic governance would ensure prosperity and stability. However, criticisms of liberal theory suggest that globalization under this framework has instead produced widening economic inequality, weakened social cohesion, and triggered a sense of exclusion. These conditions have created opportunities for populist leaders to exploit public discontent for political gain. This study draws on these criticisms to examine how liberalism’s internal contradictions have contributed to the rise of populism, using the case of the United States under Donald Trump. Employing a qualitative, descriptive method within a positivist paradigm, the research investigates how Trump mobilized both material and emotional grievances to gain and maintain power. Trump’s rhetoric fused economic grievances with identity politics, allowing him to present himself as the voice of the “forgotten people.” His leadership eroded democratic norms and weakened multilateral institutions, contributing to the disruption of the global liberal order. Ultimately, this study deepens and expands the discipline of International Relations by refining liberal theory and reassessing Fukuyama’s End of History in light of contemporary global challenges.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Monica, Elwiana NIM01688230013 monicaelwiana@gmail.com UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Jemadu, Aleksius NIDN0412106101 aleksius.jemadu@uph.edu |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | populism ; economic inequality ; The End of History ; Francis Fukuyama ; disordering the liberal world ; liberal international order ; Donald Trump |
Subjects: | J Political Science > JZ International relations |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > Master of International Relations Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > Master of International Relations |
Depositing User: | Elwiana Monica |
Date Deposited: | 15 Jul 2025 08:12 |
Last Modified: | 15 Jul 2025 08:12 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/69732 |