Pengaruh perceived ethnic discrimination terhadap collective self- esteem WNI keturunan Tiong Hoa

Djuhadi, Vania (2020) Pengaruh perceived ethnic discrimination terhadap collective self- esteem WNI keturunan Tiong Hoa. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Diskriminasi etnis, secara spesifik terhadap etnis Tionghoa adalah suatu fenomena yang memiliki sejarah panjang di Indonesia. Individu-individu yang mengalami pengalaman-pengalaman diskriminasi dapat mengalami pengaruh buruk, terutama terhadap collective self-esteem individu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menemukan pengaruh dari perceived ethnic discrimination terhadap collective self-esteem dari individu dengan kelompok etnis Tionghoa Indonesia. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner secara fisik dan secara digital. Didapatkan 211 partisipan etnis Tionghoa dalam penelitian ini yang berada dalam rentang usia 20-40 tahun. Kuesioner yang dibagikan, meliputi dua alat ukur yang telah diadaptasi, yakni alat ukur perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire brief version dan collective self-esteem questionnaire. Dalam penelitian ini pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan uji regesi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh negatif yang diberikan oleh perceived ethnic discrimination terhadap collective self-esteem partisipan (R2= 10.2%, p = .27), secara khusus terhadap dimensi public dan private. Pengaruh negatif kemungkinan terjadi karena proses internalisasi yang dianalisa menggunakan teori informational influence. Analisis data tambahan terhadap data demografi penelitian, berupa: gender, agama, pekerjaan, usia dan pendidikan tidak memberikan penjelasan tambahan mengenai pengaruh yang diberikan oleh perceived ethnic discrimination terhadap collective self-esteem etnis Tionghoa. Namun, ditemukan bahwa partisipan yang menguasai bahasa Mandarin atau dialek Tionghoa lebih banyak memersepsikan diskriminasi bila dibandingkan dengan partisipan yang tidak menguasai Bahasa Mandarin ataupun dialek Tionghoa./Ethnic discrimination, especially towards Chinese Indonesians is a phenomenon with a well-documented history in Indonesia. Individuals who perceive discriminative experiences may experience negative effects especially towards their collective self-esteem. This research aims to find the impact of perceived ethnic discrimination on the collective self-esteem levels of Chinese Indonesians. Data collection was done via online and offline questionnaires which yielded 211 participants within a 20-40-year-old age range. The questionnaire given included two adapted scales which are: perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire brief version and collective self-esteem questionnaire. Linear regression was used to acquire information about the influences that the independent variable had on the dependent variable. Results show that there are significant negative impacts of perceived ethnic discrimination on participant’s collective self-esteem (R2= 10.2%, p= -.27), specifically towards the public and private dimension of collective self-esteem. This impact may happen as a result of internalization which was explored further using the informational influence theorem. Testing against demographic variables such as gender, religion, age, profession and education yielded insignificant results. However, participants that are still proficient in Mandarin or Chinese dialects perceive higher levels of discrimination when compared with participants who are not.

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