Agenda kepentingan nasional Amerika Serikat melalui International Monetary Fund (IMF) dalam memperoleh minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia = National interest agenda of United State through the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to obtaining oil and gas in Indonesia

Darmawan, Farhan (2020) Agenda kepentingan nasional Amerika Serikat melalui International Monetary Fund (IMF) dalam memperoleh minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia = National interest agenda of United State through the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to obtaining oil and gas in Indonesia. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Minyak dan gas bumi (Migas) merupakan senyawa energi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi, sosial, hingga politik yang tinggi sehingga banyak negara yang merancang agenda kepentingan nasional untuk memperoleh sumber energi ini. Amerika Serikat adalah negara yang paling berkepentingan terhadap Migas, dilihat dari jumlah produksi dan konsumsinya yang paling besar di dunia. Karena Migas adalah sumber ekonomi yang penting bagi Amerika Serikat, maka dibutuhkan akses pasokan energi yang besar. Dalam mencapai kepentingannya akan Migas, Amerika Serikat menggunakan pengaruhnya sebagai hegemoni dunia, salah satunya melalui Internasional Monetary Fund (IMF). Hal tersebut direalisasi dalam hubungan yang terjalin antara Indonesia dengan IMF, dimana pada saat masa krisis moneter Indonesia 1997-1998, Amerika Serikat masuk melalui celah hubungan yang terjalin diantara IMF dan Indonesia untuk mencapai kepentingannya, yakni memperoleh akses Migas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penulis menggunakan metode ini karena dalam melakukan penelitian, penulis menggunakan data-data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari data sekunder, sedangkan data sekunder yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini antara lain berupa situs resmi pemerintah, website resmi organisasi internasional, artikel jurnal, media cetak, media online dan buku-buku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Amerika Serikat menggunakan IMF sebagai sarana dalam memperoleh Migas Indonesia, melalui agendanya dalam Letter of Intent IMF maupun dibalik liberalisasi sektor industri Migas Indonesia. Dimana setelah Letter of Intent dan liberalisasi Migas diresmikan, perusahaan-perusahaan Migas asal Amerika Serikat mendapatkan keuntungan lebih, dan negara Amerika Serikat mampu memperoleh Migas di Indonesia dengan lebih besar dibandingkan sebelumya. /Oil and gas (Migas) are energy compounds that have high economic, social, and political values, many countries have designed an agenda of national interest to obtain this energy source. The United States has a great concern over oil and gas, in terms of the largest amount of production and consumption in the world. Because oil and gas is important for the United States, larger access for energy supplies is needed. In achieving its interests in oil and gas, the United States uses its influence as the world hegemony through the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This was realized in the relationship between Indonesia and the IMF, during 1997-1998 Indonesian monetary crisis, the United States agenda of interest entered through the relations between the IMF and Indonesia to achieve its interests, which is to secure access of oil and gas in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative descriptive research methods and processes. Data and information obtained from secondary data, including those from official government sites, international organization official sites, journal articles, print media, online media and books. The results of the study show that the United States used the IMF as a means of obtaining Indonesian oil and gas, through its agenda in the IMF Letter of Intent and behind the liberalization of the Indonesian oil and gas industrial sector. After the Letter of Intent and Migas liberalization was formalized, oil and gas companies from the United States gained more profit, and the country was able to obtain oil and gas in Indonesia more than ever before.

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