Minuman fermentasi ekstrak etil asetat kulit melinjo merah menggunakan bakteri asam laktat sebagai antihiperurisemia pada tikus wistar = Fermented drink of ethyl acetate extract red melinjo peel using lactic acid bacteria as anti-hyperurisemia on wistar rats

Florencia, Florencia (2020) Minuman fermentasi ekstrak etil asetat kulit melinjo merah menggunakan bakteri asam laktat sebagai antihiperurisemia pada tikus wistar = Fermented drink of ethyl acetate extract red melinjo peel using lactic acid bacteria as anti-hyperurisemia on wistar rats. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kulit melinjo merah kaya akan komponen senyawa bioaktif seperti fenolik dan flavonoid. Bakteri asam laktat mempunyai enzim yang mampu meningkatkan senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid dapat berperan sebagai antihiperurisemia dengan menghambat enzim xantin oksidase pembentuk asam urat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian minuman fermentasi kulit melinjo merah terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat pada tikus wistar serta menganalisis komponen senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat dalam kulit melinjo merah. Pembuatan minuman fermentasi dilakukan dengan penambahan ekstrak kulit melinjo merah, variasi rasio kultur starter bakteri L.bulgaricus, S.thermophilus, dan L. plantarum (1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:1, dan 2:1:1) (v/v), dan variasi konsentrasi susu skim (4,6,8, dan 10%) (b/v). Formulasi minuman terpilih didapatkan dengan analisis pH, TAT, dan total BAL. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa minuman fermentasi kulit melinjo merah dengan rasio kultur starter 1:1:2 dan susu skim 4% terpilih dengan pH 3,84±0,02, total asam tertitrasi 1,6±0,1%, total bakteri asam laktat 9,32±0,46 Log CFU/ml, total fenolik 0,96±0,00 mg GAE/0,3ml dan total flavonoid sebesar 0,78±0,01 mg QE/2ml. Minuman fermentasi diaplikasikan kepada tikus wistar selama 33 hari. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi kadar asam urat dalam darah dan urine, fungsi hati meliputi SGOT dan SGPT, fungsi ginjal meliputi BUN dan kreatinin, dan total BAL dalam sekum. Hasil penurunan kadar asam urat dalam darah sebesar 34,83±2,57% dan kadar asam urat dalam urine sebesar 54,98±0,61%. Nilai SGPT sebesar 29,03±0,64U/l, SGOT sebesar 47,87±0,74U/l, kreatinin 2,01±0,1mg/dl, BUN sebesar 20,83±1,13mg/dl, dan total BAL dalam sekum sebesar 7,98±0,01 Log CFU/ml. Analisis senyawa bioaktif menggunakan FTIR dan GC-MS menunjukan bahwa ekstrak kulit melinjo merah mengandung γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, dan stigmasterol yang berpotensi sebagai antihiperurisemia. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah minuman fermentasi kulit melinjo merah mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat pada tikus wistar. / Red melinjo peel has bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Lactic acid bacteria has enzymes that can increase phenolics and flavonoids. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds can act as anti-hyperuricemia by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase that forms uric acid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermented drink of red melinjo peel extract on reducing uric acid levels in wistar rats and to analyze the components bioactive that contained in red melinjo peel. The making of fermented drinks is done by the addition of red melinjo peel extract, variations in the ratio of starter cultures of L. bulgaricus, S.thermophilus, and L. plantarum (1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:1, and 2:1:1) (v/v), and variations in skim milk concentration (4,6,8, and 10%) (w/v). The selected beverage formulations were obtained by analyze pH, TAT, and total LAB. The results showed that red melinjo peel extract fermentation drinks with a starter culture ratio of 1: 1: 2 and skim milk 4% were selected with a pH of 3.84±0.02, total titrated acid 1.6±0.1%, total lactic acid bacteria 9.32±0.46 Log CFU/ml, total phenolic 0.96±0.00 mg GAE/0.3ml and total flavonoids 0.78±0.01 mg QE/2ml. Fermented drinks were applied to wistar rats for 21 days. The analysis included blood and urine uric acid levels, liver’s function including SGOT and SGPT, kidney’s function including BUN and creatinine, and total BAL in the cecum. The result of decreased uric acid levels in the blood was 34.83±2.57% and uric acid levels in the urine was 54.98±0.61%. SGPT value of 29.03±0.64 U/l, SGOT of 47.87±0.74U/l, creatinine 2.01 ± 0.1 mg/dl, BUN of 20.83 ± 1.13mg / dl, and total BAL in cecum is 7.98 ± 0.01 Log CFU/ml. Analysis of bioactive compounds using FTIR and GC-MS showed that the red melinjo peel extract contained γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and stigmasterol which were potential as anti-hyperuricemia. The conclusion of this study is fermented drink of red melinjo peel extract can reduce uric acid levels in wistar rats.

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