Karakteristik antioksidan dan antibakteri ekstrak kecombrang (etlingera elatior) = Antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics of kecombrang extracts (etlingera elatior)

Iglesias, Iglesias (2020) Karakteristik antioksidan dan antibakteri ekstrak kecombrang (etlingera elatior) = Antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics of kecombrang extracts (etlingera elatior). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin dan glikosida yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak bunga, batang dan umbi kecombrang yang diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Metode maserasi dilakukan selama 24 jam pada suhu ruangan dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%. Komposisi senyawa kimia dari ekstrak terbaik ditentukan dengan metode GC-MS. Ekstrak bunga kecombrang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) 34,13±0,86 ppm, total fenolik 28,38±1,12 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 2,15±0,03 mg QE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) ekstrak umbi yaitu 35,09±1,1 ppm, total fenolik 18,79±0,91 mg GAE/g dan total flavonoid 0,96±0,05 mg QE/g. Sedangkan, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) ekstrak batang kecombrang sebesar 38,35±1,32 ppm, total fenolik 14,49±0,56 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 0,77±0,03 mg QE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ketiga bagian tanaman kecombrang termasuk kedalam kategori kuat. Dalam mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri, bakteri yang digunakan adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ektrak bunga kecombrang memiliki zona hambat sebesar 23,08±0,49 dengan nilai MIC 0,53% dan MBC 2,14%, umbi 21,87±0,29 dengan nilai MIC 0,51% dan MBC 2,04% serta batang 19,68±0,35 dengan nilai MIC 0,41% dan MBC 1,66% terhadap bakteri E.coli. Sedangkan terhadap bakteri S.aureus, ekstrak bunga kecombrang memiliki zona hambat sebesar 23,97±0,50 dengan nilai MIC 0,63% dan MBC 2,50%, umbi 22,86±0,51 dengan nilai MIC 0,40% dan MBC 1,58% serta batang 21,65±0,42 dengan nilai MIC 0,54% dan MBC 2,17%. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ketiga bagian tanaman kecombrang termasuk kedalam kategori kuat. Hasil analisis GC-MS pada bagian ekstrak bunga kecombrang terdapat 3-ethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 1,2-Benzenediol dan 1,4-Benzenediol berindak sebagai antibakteri serta 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol sebagai antioksidan. / Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a plant that contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and glycosides that are beneficial for health. The objective of this study was to utilize kecombrang flower, stem and tuber extracts obtained using maceration as an antioxidant and antibacterial method. Maceration method was carried out for 24 hours at room temperature using 80% ethanol solvent. The chemical composition of the best extracts was determined by the GC-MS method. Kecombrang flowers extract have antioxidant activity (IC50) 34,13 ± 0,86 ppm, total phenolic 28,38 ± 1,12 mg GAE / g, total flavonoids 2,15 ± 0,03 mg QE / g. Antioxidant activity (IC50) of tuber extract was 35,09 ± 1,1 ppm, phenolic total was 18,79 ± cultures 0,91 mg GAE / g and total flavonoids were 0,96 ± 0,05 mg QE / g. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity (IC50) stem extract was 38,35 ± 1,32 ppm, total phenolic was 14,49 ± 0,56 mg GAE / g, total flavonoids were 0,77 ± 0,03 mg QE / g. The Three parts of kecombrang have a strong antioxidant activity. In knowing the antibacterial activity, the bacteria used were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Bacteria in kecombrang flowers extract have inhibitory zones of 23,08 ± 0,49 with MIC values of 0,53% and MBC 2,14%, tubers 21,87 ± 0,29 with MIC values of 0,51% and MBC 2,04% and stems 19,68 ± 0,35 with MIC values of 0,41% and MBC of 1,66% to E. coli bacteria. While S. aureus bacteria, kecombrang flowers extract have a inhibition zone of 23,97 ± 0,50 with MIC values of 0,63% and MBC 2,50%, tubers 22,86 ± 0,51 with MIC values of 0,40% and MBC 1,58% and stems 21,65 ± 0,42 with MIC values of 0,54% and MBC 2,17%. Three parts of kecombrang have a strong antibacterial activity. Based on GC-MS analysis results on the part of the kecombrang flower extarct have 3-ethyl-2-cyclohexen, 1,2-Benzenediol and 1,4-Benzenediol as antibacterial with 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol as antioxidants.

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