Angel, Veliana (2019) KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK KULIT MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.) MERAH SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman asli wilayah Asia
Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia. Kulit melinjo umumnya dibuang, padahal
mengandung komponen bioaktif seperti tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin, yang dapat
dimanfaatkan sebagai komponen antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah
menganalisis aktivitas antimikroba pada ekstrak kulit melinjo merah. Proses
ekstraksi kulit melinjo merah dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan
pelarut etil asetat selama 24 jam pada suhu ruang. Ekstrak etil asetat kulit melinjo
merah pada konsentrasi 4, 8, 12, dan 16% (w/v) tidak dapat menghambat kapang
Rhizopus oligosporus ATCC 22959, namun dapat menghambat bakteri
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, dan
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC) dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) dari ekstrak ekstrak
terhadap ketiga bakteri uji berturut-turut berselang pada 0.50-0.69%, dan 2.00-
2.76%. Komponen fitokimia yang terdapat pada ekstrak terdiri dari alkaloid,
saponin, fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Ekstrak dengan konsentrasi terpilih
(12%) memiliki diameter zona hambat hampir setara dengan antibiotik kolistin
1000 ppm terhadap bakteri E. coli dan P. aeruginosa. Ekstrak pada kondisi asam
(pH 4) memiliki diameter zona hambat lebih besar dibandingkan pH netral (pH 7).
Pemanasan ekstrak pada suhu 65oC selama 30 menit akan meningkatkan diameter
zona hambat, lalu menurun pada suhu pemanasan 75, 85, dan 95oC. Penambahan
garam dan gula masing-masing pada konsentrasi 1-5% dan 10-50% akan
meningkatkan diameter zona hambat ekstrak. Ekstrak dapat merusak morfologi
ketiga bakteri uji, yang didukung dengan keluarnya ion-ion penyusun dinding sel
(Ca2+, K+, dan Mg2+) / Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is one of the native plant in Southeast Asia, including
Indonesia. Melinjo peel is generally disposed, even though it contains bioactive
compounds such as tannin, flavonoid and saponin, which can be used as
antimicrobial compound. The purpose of this research was to analyze the
antimicrobial activity of melinjo peel extract. The extraction of red melinjo peel
was conducted by maceration method using ethyl acetate as solvent for 24 h at room
temperature. The extract at concentration 4, 8, 12, and 16% (w/v) could not inhibit
the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus ATCC 22959, whereas could inhibit the growth
of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC) of the extract was ranged from 0.50-0.69%, while the Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) value was ranged from 2.00-2.76%. The phytochemical
compounds that found in extract were alkaloids, saponin, phenolic, flavonoids and
glycosides. The inhibitory capacity of the extract at selected concentration (12%)
had a similar level as compared to 1000 ppm Colistin against E. coli and
P. aeruginosa. The inhibition of extract increased at low pH (pH 4), while neutral
pH decreased the inhibition of the extract. Heat treatment at 65oC for 30 minutes
increased the antibacterial activity, whereas heat treatment at 75, 85, and 95oC
decreased the antibacterial activity of the extract. Addition of salt and sugar at
concentration 1-5% and 10-50%, respectively, increased the antibacterial activity
of the extract. The extract could damage cell morphology and was confirmed by the
presence of ions (Ca2+, K+, dan Mg2+) outside of the cellS
Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Angel, Veliana NIM00000012884 UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Parhusip, Adolf J.N. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Additional Information: | SK 34-15 ANG k |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP368-456 Food processing and manufacture |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Science and Technology > Food Technology |
Depositing User: | Users 9 not found. |
Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2021 02:59 |
Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2021 06:18 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/41206 |